Elsevier

Biological Psychiatry

Volume 42, Issue 2, 15 July 1997, Pages 147-150
Biological Psychiatry

Brief report
In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of Alzheimer's disease in the parietal and temporal lobes

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    For group comparisons, absolute Cr values were examined for the primarily gray regions, the ACC and PVC. These absolute Cr values were divided into the respective metabolites as a part of the normalization process (Frederick, Satlin, Yurgelun-Todd, & Renshaw, 1997). Utilizing information from brain segmentation, the Cr values for the ACC-voxel and the ACC-PVC-voxel were adjusted to control for cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) fraction (Figs. 3 and 4).

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    For group comparisons, absolute Cr values were examined for the primarily gray regions, the ACC and PVC. These absolute Cr values were divided into the respective metabolites as a part of the normalization process (Frederick et al., 1997). Utilizing information from brain segmentation, the Cr values for the ACC–voxel and the ACC–PVC–voxel were adjusted to control for CSF fraction.

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    Reduced NAA/mI in AD versus healthy controls has been observed in the posterior cingulate (Kantarci et al., 2002b, 2003), midline parietal lobe (Rose et al., 1999), and frontal white matter (Parnetti et al., 1997), but not frontal gray matter (Kizu et al., 2004). The majority of (Mueller et al., 2006) 1H MRS studies in AD have used Cr in the denominator of the metabolic ratio (Antuono et al., 2001; Bartres‐Faz et al., 2002; Block et al., 2002; Catani et al., 2001, 2002; Chantal et al., 2004; Christiansen et al., 1995; Dixon et al., 2002; Doraiswamy et al., 1998; Ernst et al., 1997; Frederick et al., 1997; Hattori et al., 2002; Herminghaus et al., 2003; Heun et al., 1997; Jessen et al., 2000, 2001; Kantarci et al., 2000, 2002b, 2003; Kattapong et al., 1996; Lazeyras et al., 1998; MacKay et al., 1996; Martinez‐Bisbal et al., 2004; Meyerhoff et al., 1994; Rose et al., 1999; Schuff et al., 1997; Shonk et al., 1995; Waldman and Rai, 2003; Waldman et al., 2002; Weiss et al., 2003), due to its presumed invariance in brain disease (Valenzuela and Sachdev, 2001). Findings in AD have generally indicated no increases or decreases in Cr compared to controls (Ernst et al., 1997; Pfefferbaum et al., 1999; Schuff et al., 1997).

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    Most studies in AD have shown a reduction in NAA. Studies of brain regions affected early in AD have shown reductions in NAA [37–41], whereas MI has been shown to increase [37,38,40,42]. Also, correlations between NAA measured in the MTL and cognitive measures have been reported in AD [41,43].

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This work has been supported in part by the Alzheimer's Association/Improved Order of Red Men and Degree of Pocahontas Pilot Research Grant, PRG-94-145. The authors would like to thank Ann Smith and Eileen Connoly for performing the spectroscopy exams used in this study.

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