SeminarGuillain-Barré syndrome
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Epidemiology
GBS has been the subject of 35 population-based surveys from defined geographical areas of Europe, Australia, and North and Latin America during the past 40 years. In the past 20 years, accuracy of case ascertainment and collection have improved. All epidemiological studies, however, continue to be hampered by the absence of a reference diagnostic test that would allow a positive confirmation of the diagnosis. Nevertheless, most reports document similar figures for annual incidence. Such
Antecedent infections
GBS is the prototype of a postinfectious illness; two-thirds of patients report an antecedent, acute infectious illness, most commonly a respiratory-tract infection or gastroenteritis that has resolved by the time neuropathic symptoms begin. The interval between the prodromal infection and the onset of GBS symptoms varies between 1 week and 3 weeks, occasionally longer; it averaged 11 days in several large series.12 In many instances, the pathogen that caused the prodromal illness remains
Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
Until very recently, the eponym Guillain-Barré syndrome was used interchangeably with AIDP, which refers to the salient pathological findings: the early lymphocytic infiltrates in spinal roots and peripheral nerves, and the subsequent macrophage-mediated segmental stripping of myelin. Such segmental loss of the insulating properties of myelin is known to cause profound defects in the propagation of electrical nerve impulses, resulting eventually in conduction block and in the functional
Treatment
Patients with GBS need to be admitted to hospital for close observation. Care for these patients is best provided in tertiary centres, with intensive-care facilities and a team of medical professionals who are familiar with the special needs of GBS patients. The evolution and severity of the neuropathy is variable; it can happen with alarming speed so that intubation and mechanical ventilation may be necessary 24–48 h from onset of symptoms. Admission to an intensive-care unit and ventilatory
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Two unusual cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome after snake bite: the rare immune mediated complication of Elapid venom
2023, Medical Journal Armed Forces IndiaCitation Excerpt :Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a well-known autoimmune disease of peripheral nervous system (PNS). Approximately, 70% of GBS cases are preceded by an infectious illness, vaccination or surgery, 2–4 weeks before the onset of clinical symptoms.1 Interestingly, only five case reports are available in the literature, of GBS preceded by a history of snakebite.
Pulmonary manifestations of autoimmune diseases
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