Cat scratch disease: Posterior segment manifestations☆
Section snippets
Patients and methods
We reviewed clinical and photographic records from patients examined at our institutions over a 6-year period (1990–1996) with a presumptive diagnosis of cat scratch disease. Twenty-seven patients had posterior segment findings identified as cat scratch disease. Three patients were excluded from further study. Two of these had no supportive laboratory evidence of Bartonella infection and had poor historical information, making the diagnosis of cat scratch disease suspect. One other patient was
Results
Our series of patients is summarized in Table 1, Table 2. The mean age was 31 years (range, 9–57 years). Fifteen females and nine males were affected. The left eye was exclusively involved in 6 patients, the right eye was exclusively involved in 7 patients, and both eyes were involved in 11 patients. Twenty-two patients had a definite exposure to cats or kittens, and in the remaining 2 patients, no definite exposure was identified (although both of these patients had supportive laboratory
Discussion
In 1916, Theodor Leber24 described a series of patients with decreased vision and a “stellate maculopathy.” There was no predisposing cause, and for years, Leber’s idiopathic stellate maculopathy was the diagnosis used to describe the condition affecting these patients. The term neuroretinitis evolved to include the common finding of disc edema with the macular star. The swollen optic disc has been shown to have abnormally permeable capillaries deep within the disc, which leak lipid-rich
References (47)
- et al.
Serological response to “Rochalimaea henselae” antigen in suspected cat-scratch disease
Lancet
(1992) Household pets and human infections
Infect Dis Clin North Am
(1991)- et al.
Neuroretinitis associated with cat scratch disease
Am J Ophthalmol
(1990) - et al.
Cat scratch disease associated with neuroretinitis in a 6-year-old girl
Ophthalmology
(1992) - et al.
Ophthalmic manifestations of Rochalimaea species
Am J Ophthalmol
(1994) - et al.
Serous retinal detachment of the macula associated with cat scratch disease
Am J Ophthalmol
(1995) - et al.
Bacillary angiomatosis of the conjunctiva
Am J Ophthalmol
(1994) - et al.
Leber’s idiopathic stellate retinopathy
Am J Ophthalmol
(1982) - et al.
Syphilitic neuroretinitis
Am J Ophthalmol
(1983) - et al.
Neuroretinitis in acquired syphilis
Ophthalmology
(1985)
Neuroretinitis associated with herpes simplex encephalitis in an adult
Am J Ophthalmol
Mumps neuroretinitis in an adolescent
Am J Ophthalmol
Toxoplasmosis neuroretinitis
Ophthalmology
Bartonella henselae neuroretinitis in cat scratch disease. Diagnosis, management, and sequelae
Ophthalmology
La maladie des griffes de chat
Bull Mem Soc Med Hosp Paris
Cat scratch diseasea bacterial infection
Science
Cat-scratch disease. Isolation and culture of the bacterial agent
JAMA
Proposal of Afipia gen. nov., with Afipia felis sp. nov. (formerly the cat scratch disease bacillus), Afipia clevelandensis sp. nov. (formerly the Cleveland Clinic Foundation strain), Afipia broomeae sp. nov., and three unnamed genospecies
J Clin Microbiol
Case 22-1992—pathogenesis of cat scratch disease
N Engl J Med
Syndrome of Rochalimaea henselae adenitis suggesting cat scratch disease
Ann Intern Med
Proposals to unify the genera Bartonella and Rochalimaea, with descriptions of Bartonella quintana comb. nov., Bartonella vinsonii comb. nov., Bartonella henselae comb. nov., and Bartonella elizabethae comb. nov., and to remove the family Bartonellaceae from the order Rickettsiales
Int J Syst Bacteriol
Cat scratch disease in Connecticutepidemiology, risk factors, and evaluation of a new diagnostic test
N Engl J Med
Rochalimaea henselae infection. A new zoonosis with the domestic cat as a reservoir
JAMA
Cited by (152)
Bacterial Eye Infections
2022, Encyclopedia of Infection and ImmunityBilateral neuroretinits and exudative retinal detachment with multifocal subretinal deposits secondary to Bartonella henselae infection
2021, American Journal of Ophthalmology Case ReportsThe Continuing Ophthalmic Challenge of Bartonella henselae
2021, Ophthalmology ScienceMultimodal imaging of branch retinal artery occlusion and multiple retinal infiltrates associated to cat's scratch disease
2021, Journal Francais d'OphtalmologieWhitcup and Nussenblatt’s Uveitis: Fundamentals and Clinical Practice
2021, Whitcup and Nussenblatt's Uveitis: Fundamentals and Clinical PracticeBranch retinal artery occlusion secondary to Bartonella henselae infection in a 13 year-old
2020, American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports
- ☆
Supported in part by NIH P30 Ey06360 (Departmental Core Grant) and Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York, New York.