Role of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Bone Malignancies

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Key points

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    Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) is useful in characterizing bone lesions that require biopsy.

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    PET/CT is and important adjunct in the staging of primary bone tumors, identifying favorable response to therapy and detecting recurrence.

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    In the evaluation of patients with common carcinomas, especially those arising from the lung, breast, and prostate, PET/CT is highly sensitive and specific for the detection of osseous metastases.

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    Multiple myeloma is a

Primary bone tumors

Primary bone tumors are uncommon malignancies that account for less than 1% of all cancers in adults and nearly 5% of childhood malignancies. In the United States, it is estimated that 2890 primary bone tumors are diagnosed annually, resulting in 1410 deaths.14 Primary bone tumors have a bimodal distribution, the first peak occurring during the second decade of life and the second peak in patients older than 60 years. Primary bone tumors represent the third most common neoplasm in adolescents

Secondary bone tumors

Malignancies in the bone most commonly arise from an extraskeletal site.60, 61, 62 Bone metastases are common in patients with cancer, and more than 50% of people who die of cancer have osseous involvement.63, 64, 65 Most bone metastases have been present for a considerable length of time before symptoms develop. Pain is the most frequent presenting manifestation of a bone metastasis.63, 66, 67 Breast, lung, prostate, renal cell, and colorectal cancers are the most common cause of bony

Multiple myeloma

MM is the most common malignant bone neoplasm in adults, the incidence of which increases with age. A monoclonal proliferation of terminally differentiated plasma cells excessively produces immunoglobulins from the marrow space. The great majority of myeloma patients are diagnosed initially when 50 to 70 years old.14, 80 Patients with MM present with a variety of symptoms: bone pain, fatigue and lethargy from anemia, renal failure, and hypercalcemia.81, 82 Many patients are detected

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