Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-gtxcr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T14:22:38.968Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Effects of Age and HIV on Neuropsychological Performance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 December 2010

Victor Valcour ,
Robert Paul ,
John Neuhaus  and
Cecilia Shikuma
Victor Valcour*
Affiliation:
Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology and Division of Geriatric Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii-Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
Robert Paul
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Missouri – St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
John Neuhaus
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
Cecilia Shikuma
Affiliation:
Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Victor Valcour, MD, Memory and Aging Center, Suite 905, 350 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143. E-mail: vvalcour@memory.ucsf.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Both HIV and aging impact performance on neuropsychological testing; however, evidence for differences between HIV effects in younger compared to older subjects (interaction effects) is limited and the findings have been inconsistent. Coexisting morbidities that contribute to cognitive impairment in HIV include those not directly referable to infection, per se, and are more prevalent with advancing age, increasing the likelihood that HIV and age effects may be largely independent. As individuals survive with HIV into geriatric age groups, greater clarity on these relationships is essential. We present cross-sectional data from a large (n = 450) cohort designed to analyze HIV, age, and interaction effects using a well-matched cohort of HIV-negative individuals. Results reveal limited evidence for interaction effects between HIV and age on neuropsychological performance. We conclude that older age does not significantly influence neuropsychological performance among HIV patients when seronegative controls are largely composed of individuals from a similar socioeconomic background. (JINS, 2011, 17, 1–6)

Keywords

HIVAIDS dementia complexNeuropsychological testsAgingAcquired immunodeficiency syndromeCognition disorders
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 17 , Issue 1 , January 2011 , pp. 190 - 195
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Becker, J.T., Lopez, O.L., Dew, M.A., Aizenstein, H.J. (2004). Prevalence of cognitive disorders differs as a function of age in HIV virus infection. Aids, 18(Suppl 1), S11–S18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benjamini, Y., Hochberg, Y. (1995). Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, 57(1), 289–300.Google Scholar
Butters, N., Grant, I., Haxby, J., Judd, L.L., Martin, A., McClelland, J., Stover, E. (1990). Assessment of AIDS-related cognitive changes: Recommendations of the NIMH Workshop on Neuropsychological Assessment Approaches. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 12(6), 963–978.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cherner, M., Ellis, R.J., Lazzaretto, D., Young, C., Mindt, M.R., Atkinson, J.H., Heaton, R.K. (2004). Effects of HIV-1 infection and aging on neurobehavioral functioning: Preliminary findings. Aids, 18(Suppl 1), S27–S34.Google Scholar
Chiesi, A., Vella, S., Dally, L.G., Pedersen, C., Danner, S., Johnson, A.M., Antunes, F. (1996). Epidemiology of AIDS dementia complex in Europe. AIDS in Europe Study Group. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, 11(1), 39–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collaboration, A.T.C. (2008). Life expectancy of individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy in high-income countries: A collaborative analysis of 14 cohort studies. Lancet, 372(9635), 293–299.Google Scholar
Fast, K., Poff, P., Watters, M., Shiramizu, B., Shikuma, C., Valcour, V. (2002). Demographic characteristics of older HIV-1 seropositive individuals in Hawaii: Findings from the University of Hawaii NeuroAIDS Specialized Neuroscience Research Program. Paper presented at the Eighth Research Centers for Minority Institutions International Symposium of Health Disparities, Honolulu, Hawaii.Google Scholar
Hardy, J., Hinkin, C., Satz, P., Stenquist, P., van Gorp, W., Moore, L. (1999). Age differences and neurocognitive performance in HIV-infected adults. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 28(2), 94–101.Google Scholar
Heaton, R., Franklin, D., Clifford, D., Woods, S., Mindt, M., Vigil, O., Grant, I. (2009). Abstract 154: HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment remains prevalent in the era of combination ART: The CHARTER Study. Paper presented at the 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Montreal, Canada.Google Scholar
Kissel, E.C., Pukay-Martin, N.D., Bornstein, R.A. (2005). The relationship between age and cognitive function in HIV-infected men. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 17(2), 180–184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McArthur, J.C., Hoover, D.R., Bacellar, H., Miller, E.N., Cohen, B.A., Becker, J.T., Jacobson, L.P. (1993). Dementia in AIDS patients: Incidence and risk factors. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Neurology, 43(11), 2245–2252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robertson, K.R., Smurzynski, M., Parsons, T.D., Wu, K., Bosch, R.J., Wu, J., Ellis, R.J. (2007). The prevalence and incidence of neurocognitive impairment in the HAART era. Aids, 21(14), 1915–1921.Google Scholar
Smith, G.H. (2005). Statement of Senator Gordon H. Smith. HIV over fifty: Exploring the new threat. Washington, DC: US Senate Special Committee on Aging.Google Scholar
Stoff, D.M., Khalsa, J.H., Monjan, A., Portegies, P. (2004). Introduction: HIV/AIDS and Aging. Aids, 18(Suppl 1), S1–S2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Valcour, V., Paul, R. (2006). HIV infection and dementia in older adults. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 42(10), 1449–1454.Google ScholarPubMed
Valcour, V., Shikuma, C., Shiramizu, B., Watters, M., Poff, P., Selnes, O., Sacktor, N. (2004). Higher frequency of dementia in older HIV-1 individuals: The Hawaii Aging with HIV-1 Cohort. Neurology, 63(5), 822–827.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Valcour, V., Watters, M.R., Williams, A.E., Sacktor, N., McMurtray, A., Shikuma, C. (2008). Aging exacerbates extrapyramidal motor signs in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Journal of Neurovirology, 14(5), 362–367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Valcour, V., Yee, P., Williams, A.E., Shiramizu, B., Watters, M., Selnes, O., Sacktor, N. (2006). Lowest ever CD4 lymphocyte count (CD4 nadir) as a predictor of current cognitive and neurological status in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection–The Hawaii Aging with HIV Cohort. Journal of Neurovirology, 12(5), 387–391.Google Scholar
van Gorp, W.G., Miller, E.N., Marcotte, T.D., Dixon, W., Paz, D., Selnes, O., Mitrushina, M. (1994). The relationship between age and cognitive impairment in HIV-1 infection: Findings from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and a clinical cohort. Neurology, 44(5), 929–935.Google Scholar
Wilkie, F.L., Goodkin, K., Khamis, I., van Zuilen, M.H., Lee, D., Lecusay, R., Eisdorfer, C. (2003). Cognitive functioning in younger and older HIV-1-infected adults. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 33(Suppl 2), S93–S105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: PDF

Valcour Supplementary Material

Table.pdf

Download Valcour Supplementary Material(PDF)
PDF 82.4 KB