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Exploring the relationship of macrophage colony-stimulating factor levels on neuroaxonal metabolism and cognition during chronic human immunodeficiency virus infection

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Abstract

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) promotes macrophage differentiation, increases susceptibility of macrophages to viral infection, and enhances human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in infected macrophages. Given the current model of HIV neuropathogenesis, which involves monocyte trafficking into the central nervous system, immune factors linked with macrophage maturation and survival may be associated with cognitive decline (measured by neuropsychological z-score [NPZ-8] or Memorial Sloan-Kettering [MSK] score) and alterations in a marker of neuronal integrity,N-acetylaspartate (NAA). Fifty-four chronically infected HIV+ subjects underwent neuropsychological assessment, magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, and quantification of M-CSF in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at baseline. Thirty-nine of those subjects underwent further examination at 3 and 10 months after initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens. Within 3 months of therapy use, CSF M-CSF and viral RNA levels were reduced, whereas NAA concentrations in many brain regions were increased. Neither baseline levels nor the change in M-CSF levels had the ability to predict changes in NAA levels observed after 10 months of combination ART use. At study entry those with the lowest M-CSF levels in the CSF had the least cognitive impairment (NPZ-8). Those who had higher baseline CSF MCSF levels and exhibited larger decreases in M-CSF after therapy, tended to have greater cognitive improvement after 10 months. Increased prevalence of M-CSF in the setting of HIV infection could contribute to neuronal injury and may be predictive of cognitive impairment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroradiology and the A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA

    Margaret R Lentz, Hyun Kim, Katherine Conant, Elkan F Halpern & Ned Sacktor

  2. Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, USA

    Mahaveer Degaonkar, Mona A Mohamed, Peter B Barker & Martin G Pomper

Authors
  1. Margaret R Lentz
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  2. Mahaveer Degaonkar
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  3. Mona A Mohamed
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  4. Hyun Kim
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  5. Katherine Conant
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  6. Elkan F Halpern
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  7. Ned Sacktor
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  8. Peter B Barker
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  9. Martin G Pomper
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Martin G Pomper.

Additional information

This work was funded by NIH grants R01 MH61438 (to M.G.P.) and K25 NS051129 (to M.R.L.).

This paper was first published online on Early Online on 14 September 2010.

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Lentz, M.R., Degaonkar, M., Mohamed, M.A. et al. Exploring the relationship of macrophage colony-stimulating factor levels on neuroaxonal metabolism and cognition during chronic human immunodeficiency virus infection. Journal of NeuroVirology 16, 368–376 (2010). https://doi.org/10.3109/13550284.2010.513029

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/13550284.2010.513029

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