Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a magnetic resonance imaging technique for measuring tissue perfusion using a freely diffusible intrinsic tracer. As compared with other perfusion techniques, ASL offers several advantages and is now available for routine clinical practice in many institutions. Its noninvasive nature and ability to quantitatively measure tissue perfusion make ASL ideal for research and clinical studies. Recent technical advances have increased its sensitivity and also extended its potential applications. This review focuses on some basic knowledge of ASL perfusion, emerging techniques and clinical applications in neuroimaging.
Keywords: Arterial spin labeling; Arterial spin labeling at multiple inversion times; Continuous arterial spin labeling; Perfusion-based functional magnetic resonance imaging; Pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling; Pulsed arterial spin labeling; Territorial arterial spin labeling; Velocity-selective arterial spin labeling.