Imaging of sinonasal tumours

Cancer Imaging. 2012 May 7:12:136-52. doi: 10.1102/1470-7330.2012.0015.

Abstract

More than 70 benign and malignant sinonasal tumours and tumour-like conditions have been described. However, sinonasal tumours are rare, and sinonasal cancers comprise only 3% of all head and neck cancers and 1% of all malignancies, with a peak incidence in the 5th to 7th decades and with a male preponderance. The early symptoms and imaging findings of sinonasal tumours are similar to rhinosinusitis with runny and stuffy nose, lacrimation and epistaxis and therefore neglected both by the patients and doctors. When late symptoms such as anosmia, visual disturbances, cranial neuropathy (Cn II, IV, V, VI) or facial swelling appear, the patient is referred to sinonasal endoscopy or imaging. At the time of correct diagnosis more than half of the tumours have reached an advanced stage with a poor prognostic outcome. Even if imaging is performed in the early stages, a radiologist inexperienced with sinonasal anatomy and tumour features may easily interpret early signs of a malignant tumour as rhinosinusitis or a lesion that does not require follow-up. This article presents the imaging findings in some of the most common benign and malignant sinonasal tumours, and the TNM classification and staging of sinonasal carcinomas.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Angiofibroma / diagnostic imaging
  • Angiofibroma / pathology
  • Carcinoma / diagnostic imaging
  • Carcinoma / pathology
  • Delayed Diagnosis
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Endoscopy / methods
  • Humans
  • Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / diagnostic imaging
  • Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / pathology
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods*
  • Melanoma / diagnostic imaging
  • Melanoma / pathology
  • Multimodal Imaging
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Neuroendocrine Tumors / diagnostic imaging
  • Neuroendocrine Tumors / pathology
  • Nose Neoplasms / diagnosis*
  • Nose Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging
  • Nose Neoplasms / pathology
  • Osteoma / diagnostic imaging
  • Osteoma / pathology
  • Papilloma, Inverted / diagnostic imaging
  • Papilloma, Inverted / pathology
  • Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / diagnosis*
  • Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging
  • Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / pathology
  • Positron-Emission Tomography
  • Rhinitis / diagnosis
  • Sarcoma / diagnostic imaging
  • Sarcoma / pathology
  • Sinusitis / diagnosis
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed / methods*