There is huge emphasis on noninvasive study of disease processes in the field of biomedical research. Combined PET-MRI allows simultaneous acquisition of physiologic information provided by PET images and morphologic and functional information obtained from MRI. The potential clinical and research applications of this technique in different organ systems and pathologies are promising (i.e. brain, cardiovascular, oncological, and inflammatory conditions). The purpose of this review is to illustrate the potential clinical advantages of this new technology, based on the authors' experience.