Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders

Tetsuya Akaishi; Ichiro Nakashima; Douglas Kazutoshi Sato; Toshiyuki Takahashi; Kazuo Fujihara

doi:10.1016/j.nic.2016.12.010

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders

Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2017 May;27(2):251-265. doi: 10.1016/j.nic.2016.12.010. Epub 2017 Feb 9.

Authors

Tetsuya Akaishi¹, Ichiro Nakashima¹, Douglas Kazutoshi Sato², Toshiyuki Takahashi³, Kazuo Fujihara⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryomachi, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
² Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryomachi, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryomachi, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; Brain Institute, The Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6690 - Building 63, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil.
³ Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryomachi, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; Department of Neurology, Yonezawa National Hospital, 26100-1 Misawa, Yonezawa 992-1202, Japan.
⁴ Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryomachi, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryomachi, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Multiple Sclerosis & Neuromyelitis Optica Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 7-115 Yatsuyamada, Koriyama 963-8563, Japan. Electronic address: fujikazu@med.tohoku.ac.jp.

PMID: 28391784
DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2016.12.010

Abstract

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is clinically characterized by severe optic neuritis and transverse myelitis, but recent studies with anti-aquaporin-4-antibody specific to NMO have revealed that the clinical spectrum is wider than previously thought. International consensus diagnostic criteria propose NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSD) as the term to define the entire spectrum including typical NMO, optic neuritis, acute myelitis, brain syndrome, and their combinations. NMOSD is now divided into anti-aquaporin-4-antibody-seropositive NMOSD and -seronegative NMOSD (or unknown serostatus). MR imaging and optical coherence tomography are indispensable in the diagnosis and evaluation of NMOSD. This article reviews the clinical and MR imaging findings of anti-aquaporin-4-antibody-seropositive and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody-seropositive NMOSD.

Keywords: Anti-aquaporin-4 antibody; Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody; MR imaging; Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders; Optical coherence tomography.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Aquaporin 4 / immunology
Autoantibodies / blood
Autoantibodies / immunology*
Humans
Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein / immunology*
Myelitis, Transverse
Neuroimaging / methods*
Neuromyelitis Optica / blood
Neuromyelitis Optica / diagnosis
Neuromyelitis Optica / immunology*
Neuromyelitis Optica / pathology*
Optic Neuritis

Substances

Aquaporin 4
Autoantibodies
Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein