A case of intraparenchymal schwannoma of the medulla oblongata is presented. The radiographic and pathological characteristics of this rare tumor are discussed, and the world literature regarding intracerebral intraparenchymal schwannomas is reviewed. The current etiological theories of these intra-axial nerve-sheath tumors are reviewed. The importance of early identification and differentiation of these potentially curable tumors from malignant glial tumors is emphasized.