Abstract
Worldwide outbreaks of influenza (pandemics) are caused by influenza A viruses to which persons lack protective immune responses. Currently, we are unable to predict which influenza virus strains may cause a pandemic. In this article, we summarize some of the information that will be needed to better assess the pandemic potential of influenza viruses, and we discuss our current gaps in knowledge.
Keywords:
Influenza; pandemic; prediction; surveillance; transmission.
© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Disease Models, Animal
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Epidemiological Monitoring
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Genome, Viral
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Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / genetics
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Humans
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Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / genetics*
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Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / isolation & purification
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Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / metabolism
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Influenza in Birds / transmission*
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Influenza in Birds / virology
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Influenza, Human / epidemiology*
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Influenza, Human / transmission*
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Influenza, Human / virology
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Neuraminidase / genetics
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Oligosaccharides / metabolism
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Pandemics / prevention & control*
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Poultry / virology
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RNA, Viral / genetics
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Risk Assessment
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Swine / virology
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Viral Proteins / genetics
Substances
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Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus
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Oligosaccharides
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RNA, Viral
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Viral Proteins
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influenza virus polymerase basic protein 1
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sialooligosaccharides
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Neuraminidase