The sensitivity of MRI to marrow infiltration together with the ability to perform multiplanar imaging allows evaluation of the bone marrow in a manner that has never been feasible before. The clinical impact of this has yet to be fully realized. However, detection of focal marrow infiltration by MRI with concurrently normal conventional imaging studies has important clinical implications for staging and therapy. Proper staging of marrow-based neoplasms such as leukemia and lymphoma is fundamental to the determination of treatment and prognosis. MRI can be used to increase diagnostic certainty when a question exists concerning primary or metastatic marrow disease when other imaging studies are inconclusive. Chemical shift imaging may further improve the sensitivity and clinical utility of magnetic resonance imaging in patients with hematologic disorders involving the bone marrow.