There is nothing special about special education. Educational methods have not changed significantly in at least 2,500 years. IQ tests were developed to identify those in need of special education, with the intention of developing appropriate educational methods. Effective special educational methods have yet to be developed. IQ tests are diagnostic but not prescriptive. Effective special educational methods will not be developed until (a) individual differences in student characteristics beyond IQ scores are recognized and understood and (b) educators focus on specific and realistic goals for outcome.