Abstract
Techniques for pediatric MR imaging and computed tomography and anatomy of the orbit and intracranial visual pathways are presented and reviewed in this article. Imaging findings are presented for the following categories of abnormality: a) orbital anomalies related to congenital disorders of the brain, b) disorders of the orbit (ocular, nonocular, or multicompartmental), c) disorders of the intracranial visual pathways (suprasellar cistern, optic radiations, or occipital cortex), and d) disorders of gaze (extraocular muscles, cranial nerves, and brainstem). Careful assessment of the clinical findings, anatomic location of the visual impairment, and familiarity with disorders that often affect pediatric patients are helpful in guiding neuroimaging evaluation of the child with ocular, orbital, or central patterns of visual disturbance.
MeSH terms
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Brain Diseases / congenital
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Brain Diseases / diagnosis
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Brain Diseases / diagnostic imaging
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Brain Stem / diagnostic imaging
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Brain Stem / pathology
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Child
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Child, Preschool
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Cranial Nerve Diseases / diagnosis
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Cranial Nerve Diseases / diagnostic imaging
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Eye Diseases / diagnosis
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Eye Diseases / diagnostic imaging
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Eye Movements
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Humans
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Infant
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Infant, Newborn
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging*
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Muscular Diseases / diagnosis
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Muscular Diseases / diagnostic imaging
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Occipital Lobe / diagnostic imaging
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Occipital Lobe / pathology
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Oculomotor Muscles / diagnostic imaging
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Oculomotor Muscles / pathology
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Optic Nerve Diseases / diagnosis
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Optic Nerve Diseases / diagnostic imaging
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Orbit / abnormalities
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Orbit / anatomy & histology*
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Orbit / diagnostic imaging
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Orbital Diseases / diagnosis*
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Orbital Diseases / diagnostic imaging
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Tomography, X-Ray Computed*
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Vision Disorders / diagnosis*
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Vision Disorders / diagnostic imaging
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Visual Pathways / anatomy & histology*
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Visual Pathways / diagnostic imaging