Background Cervical ribs (CR) are supernumerary ribs that arise from the seventh cervical
vertebra. In the presence of CR, the boundaries of the interscalene triangle can be further …

BACKGROUND: Although numerous articles have been published not only on the
classification of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) but also on diagnostic standards, timing, and …

Evaluation of the skeleton in laboratory animals is a standard component of developmental
toxicology testing. Standard methods of performing the evaluation have been established …

Examination of the brachial plexus with ultrasound is efficient because it allows many parts
of the brachial plexus as well as the surrounding soft tissues to be assessed with high …

A familiarity with the anatomy of some types of bone anomalies is necessary for clinicians
involved in many medical areas. The aim of this paper is to review the newest literature …

Thoracic outlet syndrome is a clinical entity characterized by compression of the
neurovascular bundle, and may be associated with additional findings such as venous …

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a disorder characterized by compression of the lower
trunk of the brachial plexus, most often in association with anomalous congenital …

The least common form of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS), arterial TOS (aTOS), typically
represents approximately 1% of TOS cases. 1 Mayo 2 has been credited as being the first to …

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is the clinical entity that occurs with compression of the
brachial plexus, subclavian artery, and/or subclavian vein at the superior thoracic outlet …

Introduction In the upper there are different neural entrapment sites that can be associated
with neighboring structures which in turn can mimic other neural entrapments syndromes …