Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) has long been the imaging gold standard in the
evaluation, treatment, and follow-up of cerebro-and spinovascular disorders. However, DSA …

In this review, we describe the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of spinal dorsal
intradural arteriovenous fistulas (DI-AVFs), focusing on novel research areas. DI-AVFs …

Objective To describe the clinical characteristics, delay to diagnosis and post-intervention
outcomes of patients with low-flow spinal arteriovenous fistulas (SAVFs). Methods In this …

Objective Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) is a rare disease that is often
misdiagnosed by orthopedic surgeons. We analyzed the reasons for the misdiagnosis and …

Routine magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of the spine is often limited by low spatial
resolution and artifacts resulting from cerebrospinal fluid pulsation. Balanced steady-state …

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The impact of various radiologic and clinical features on
the long-term outcome in spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas is still unclear; thus, they are the …

Objective Effectiveness and safety of anticoagulation therapy (AC) after treatment of spinal
dural arteriovenous fistula (sdAVF) are still inadequately discussed in the literature and are …

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to discuss the clinical and
radiologic characteristics of spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas (SEAVF) and demonstrate …

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Conventional MR imaging can provide important clues
regarding the location of a spinal vascular malformation. We hypothesized that a dilated vein …

Spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas with sacral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) are a
rare type of spinal arteriovenous fistulas. There are two varieties of spinal epidural …