Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
A, Quantitative Dav map shows ROIs (boxes) in the location of clinically suspected region of brain (right motor cortex) and contralateral control site. These two measurements were used to calculate the ratio m1.
B, Quantitative Dav map shows regions used for measurements made on right and left thalami (boxes) for calculating the control ratio of c1.
C, Mean value of the brain tissue diffusion constant (BDav) and width of the distribution (σ) were determined from the distribution analysis map by using a three-compartmental model (see Methods). This value was used in determining the ratios m3 and c3. Data are shown as circles, and the fit is shown as a line.
- Fig 2.
Four measured ratios (m1, m2, c1, c2) are shown for all 12 patients. TIA-affected regions are compared with corresponding contralateral brain regions (m1) and to thalamic controls (m2) not affected by TIA (solid symbols). The resultant ratios are consistently below unity and are around 0.82. However, when regions of brain not affected by the TIA are compared (c1, c2), no interhemisperic difference is noted and the ratios approach unity (open symbols).
- Fig 3.
Patient with left hand and arm weakness (patient 8).
A and B, DW image (A) and T2-weighted image (B) of an axial section through the motor cortex do not show any abnormality.
C, Quantitative Dav map shows a dark region (arrow) in the right motor cortex.
Tables
Patient no. Age (y)/Sex Stroke Risk Factors Clinical Presentation Symptom Duration (hrs) 1 82/F HTN, HLD, CAD Nonfluent aphasia and mild right hemiparesis 0.5 2 32/F IDDM Fluent aphasia, left gaze preference and right hemiparesis 4 3 91/F CHF, CAD Fluent aphasia 10 4 39/F Smoking Face, arm, leg numbness; no weakness. No sensory inattention 0.25 5 78/F HTN, DM Nonfluent aphasia 3 6 81/F AF* vertigo and gait ataxia 2 7 76/M CAD Isolated right hand and arm weakness, no aphasia 0.75 8 68/F HTN Left arm and hand weakness, 6 sensory neglect 9 77/M HTN, AF* Left facial weakness, left hand clumsiness, dysarthria and left dysdiadochokinesia 0.5 10 54/M Smoking, HTN Complete speech arrest and mild right pronator drift 0.5 11 76/M HTN Complete speech arrest 0.17 12 81/M CAD, HTN Dysarthria, left facial and left hemiparesis 0.42 Note. AF indicates atrial fibrillation, CAD, coronary artery disease, CHF, congestive heart failure; DM, diabetes mellitus; HLD, hyperlipidaemia, HTN, hypertension; IDDM, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
* Not receiving anticoagulation therapy.
Patient No. TIA Location ROI Measurements* (10−3 mm2/s) Fit† (10−3 mm2/s) Ipsilateral ROI Contralateral ROI Ipsilateral Thalamus Contralateral Thalamus BDav σ 1 Broca 0.620 ± 0.075 0.796 ± 0.077 0.777 ± 0.008 0.771 ± 0.042 0.766 0.189 2 Wernicke 0.636 ± 0.005 0.713 ± 0.053 0.720 ± 0.046 0.738 ± 0.082 0.765 0.180 3 Wernicke 0.716 ± 0.067 0.852 ± 0.084 0.855 ± 0.060 0.873 ± 0.064 0.837 0.181 4 R thalamus 0.619 ± 0.029 0.730 ± 0.484 (0.770 ± 0.090)‡ (0.772 ± 0.079)‡ 0.749 0.188 5 Broca 0.834 ± 0.062 1.111 ± 0.105 1.204 ± 0.102 1.162 ± 0.084 0.854 0.218 6 L pons 0.606 ± 0.087 0.806 ± 0.031 0.736 ± 0.083 0.725 ± 0.079 0.787 0.202 7 L motor cortex 0.685 ± 0.062 0.795 ± 0.045 0.743 ± 0.090 0.743 ± 0.067 0.768 0.191 8 R motor cortex 0.677 ± 0.044 0.780 ± 0.059 0.790 ± 0.103 0.770 ± 0.086 0.768 0.174 9 L pons 0.606 ± 0.011 0.745 ± 0.028 0.774 ± 0.051 0.783 ± 0.076 0.785 0.207 10 Broca 0.613 ± 0.037 0.681 ± 0.050 0.750 ± 0.107 0.745 ± 0.091 0.739 0.174 11 Broca 0.724 ± 0.055 0.799 ± 0.078 0.721 ± 0.087 0.717 ± 0.059 0.773 0.183 12 R pons 0.518 ± 0.059 0.699 ± 0.003 0.800 ± 0.107 0.802 ± 0.106 0.809 0.212 Mean 0.654 0.792 0.803 0.800 0.783 0.192 SD 0.080 0.112 0.132 0.250 0.034 0.015 Note.— L indicates left; R, right.
* Data are the mean ± SD of the measurements.
† Error of fit is 0.01 10−3 mm2/s. BDav is the mean of the average diffusion constant distribution measured from the entire brain tissue. σ is the width of this distribution (8).
‡ Instead of thamali, caudate nuclei were used as control in this patient because TIA involved the right thalamus.
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