Systematic Literature Review of Imaging Features of Spinal Degeneration in Asymptomatic Populations

From the Department of Radiology (W.B., P.H.L., J.T.W., D.F.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Departments of Biostatistics (B.C.), Radiology (B.C., B.W.B., L.E.C., K.J., J.G.J.), Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (J.A.T.), and Neurological Surgery and Health Services (J.G.J.), Comparative Effectiveness Cost and Outcomes Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Departments of Family Medicine, Medicine, and Public Health and Preventive Medicine and the Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences (R.A.D.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Radiology (S.H.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Radiology (A.L.A.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and Division of Research (A.L.A.), Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California.

From the Department of Radiology (W.B., P.H.L., J.T.W., D.F.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Departments of Biostatistics (B.C.), Radiology (B.C., B.W.B., L.E.C., K.J., J.G.J.), Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (J.A.T.), and Neurological Surgery and Health Services (J.G.J.), Comparative Effectiveness Cost and Outcomes Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Departments of Family Medicine, Medicine, and Public Health and Preventive Medicine and the Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences (R.A.D.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Radiology (S.H.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Radiology (A.L.A.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and Division of Research (A.L.A.), Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California.

From the Department of Radiology (W.B., P.H.L., J.T.W., D.F.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Departments of Biostatistics (B.C.), Radiology (B.C., B.W.B., L.E.C., K.J., J.G.J.), Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (J.A.T.), and Neurological Surgery and Health Services (J.G.J.), Comparative Effectiveness Cost and Outcomes Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Departments of Family Medicine, Medicine, and Public Health and Preventive Medicine and the Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences (R.A.D.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Radiology (S.H.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Radiology (A.L.A.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and Division of Research (A.L.A.), Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California.

From the Department of Radiology (W.B., P.H.L., J.T.W., D.F.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Departments of Biostatistics (B.C.), Radiology (B.C., B.W.B., L.E.C., K.J., J.G.J.), Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (J.A.T.), and Neurological Surgery and Health Services (J.G.J.), Comparative Effectiveness Cost and Outcomes Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Departments of Family Medicine, Medicine, and Public Health and Preventive Medicine and the Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences (R.A.D.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Radiology (S.H.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Radiology (A.L.A.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and Division of Research (A.L.A.), Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California.

From the Department of Radiology (W.B., P.H.L., J.T.W., D.F.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Departments of Biostatistics (B.C.), Radiology (B.C., B.W.B., L.E.C., K.J., J.G.J.), Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (J.A.T.), and Neurological Surgery and Health Services (J.G.J.), Comparative Effectiveness Cost and Outcomes Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Departments of Family Medicine, Medicine, and Public Health and Preventive Medicine and the Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences (R.A.D.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Radiology (S.H.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Radiology (A.L.A.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and Division of Research (A.L.A.), Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California.

From the Department of Radiology (W.B., P.H.L., J.T.W., D.F.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Departments of Biostatistics (B.C.), Radiology (B.C., B.W.B., L.E.C., K.J., J.G.J.), Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (J.A.T.), and Neurological Surgery and Health Services (J.G.J.), Comparative Effectiveness Cost and Outcomes Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Departments of Family Medicine, Medicine, and Public Health and Preventive Medicine and the Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences (R.A.D.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Radiology (S.H.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Radiology (A.L.A.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and Division of Research (A.L.A.), Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California.

From the Department of Radiology (W.B., P.H.L., J.T.W., D.F.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Departments of Biostatistics (B.C.), Radiology (B.C., B.W.B., L.E.C., K.J., J.G.J.), Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (J.A.T.), and Neurological Surgery and Health Services (J.G.J.), Comparative Effectiveness Cost and Outcomes Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Departments of Family Medicine, Medicine, and Public Health and Preventive Medicine and the Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences (R.A.D.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Radiology (S.H.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Radiology (A.L.A.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and Division of Research (A.L.A.), Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California.

From the Department of Radiology (W.B., P.H.L., J.T.W., D.F.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Departments of Biostatistics (B.C.), Radiology (B.C., B.W.B., L.E.C., K.J., J.G.J.), Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (J.A.T.), and Neurological Surgery and Health Services (J.G.J.), Comparative Effectiveness Cost and Outcomes Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Departments of Family Medicine, Medicine, and Public Health and Preventive Medicine and the Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences (R.A.D.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Radiology (S.H.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Radiology (A.L.A.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and Division of Research (A.L.A.), Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California.

From the Department of Radiology (W.B., P.H.L., J.T.W., D.F.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Departments of Biostatistics (B.C.), Radiology (B.C., B.W.B., L.E.C., K.J., J.G.J.), Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (J.A.T.), and Neurological Surgery and Health Services (J.G.J.), Comparative Effectiveness Cost and Outcomes Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Departments of Family Medicine, Medicine, and Public Health and Preventive Medicine and the Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences (R.A.D.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Radiology (S.H.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Radiology (A.L.A.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and Division of Research (A.L.A.), Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California.

From the Department of Radiology (W.B., P.H.L., J.T.W., D.F.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Departments of Biostatistics (B.C.), Radiology (B.C., B.W.B., L.E.C., K.J., J.G.J.), Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (J.A.T.), and Neurological Surgery and Health Services (J.G.J.), Comparative Effectiveness Cost and Outcomes Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Departments of Family Medicine, Medicine, and Public Health and Preventive Medicine and the Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences (R.A.D.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Radiology (S.H.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Radiology (A.L.A.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and Division of Research (A.L.A.), Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California.

From the Department of Radiology (W.B., P.H.L., J.T.W., D.F.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Departments of Biostatistics (B.C.), Radiology (B.C., B.W.B., L.E.C., K.J., J.G.J.), Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (J.A.T.), and Neurological Surgery and Health Services (J.G.J.), Comparative Effectiveness Cost and Outcomes Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Departments of Family Medicine, Medicine, and Public Health and Preventive Medicine and the Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences (R.A.D.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Radiology (S.H.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Radiology (A.L.A.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and Division of Research (A.L.A.), Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California.

From the Department of Radiology (W.B., P.H.L., J.T.W., D.F.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Departments of Biostatistics (B.C.), Radiology (B.C., B.W.B., L.E.C., K.J., J.G.J.), Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (J.A.T.), and Neurological Surgery and Health Services (J.G.J.), Comparative Effectiveness Cost and Outcomes Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Departments of Family Medicine, Medicine, and Public Health and Preventive Medicine and the Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences (R.A.D.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Radiology (S.H.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Radiology (A.L.A.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and Division of Research (A.L.A.), Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California.

From the Department of Radiology (W.B., P.H.L., J.T.W., D.F.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Departments of Biostatistics (B.C.), Radiology (B.C., B.W.B., L.E.C., K.J., J.G.J.), Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (J.A.T.), and Neurological Surgery and Health Services (J.G.J.), Comparative Effectiveness Cost and Outcomes Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Departments of Family Medicine, Medicine, and Public Health and Preventive Medicine and the Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences (R.A.D.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Radiology (S.H.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Radiology (A.L.A.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and Division of Research (A.L.A.), Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California.