EditorialEDITORIAL
Spinal CSF Leaks: The Neuroradiologist Transforming Care
Mark D. Mamlouk, Andrew L. Callen, Ajay A. Madhavan, Niklas Lützen, Lalani Carlton Jones, Ian T. Mark, Waleed Brinjikji, John C. Benson, Jared T. Verdoorn, DK Kim, Timothy J. Amrhein, Linda Gray, William P. Dillon, Marcel M. Maya, Thien J. Huynh, Vinil N. Shah, Tomas Dobrocky, Eike I. Piechowiak, Joseph Levi Chazen, Michael D. Malinzak, Jessica L. Houk and Peter G. Kranz
American Journal of Neuroradiology August 2024, ajnr.A8484; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A8484
Mark D. Mamlouk
From the Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M., W.P.D. V.N.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Radiology (A.L.C.), University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (A.A.M., I.T.M., W.B., J.C.B., J.T.V., D.K.K), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neuroradiology (N.K.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiology (L.C.J.), Guys and St Thomas’s and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts, London, UK; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., L.G., M.D.M., J.L.H., P.G.K.) Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Imaging (M.M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiology (T.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (J.L.C.), Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
Andrew L. Callen
From the Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M., W.P.D. V.N.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Radiology (A.L.C.), University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (A.A.M., I.T.M., W.B., J.C.B., J.T.V., D.K.K), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neuroradiology (N.K.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiology (L.C.J.), Guys and St Thomas’s and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts, London, UK; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., L.G., M.D.M., J.L.H., P.G.K.) Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Imaging (M.M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiology (T.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (J.L.C.), Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
Ajay A. Madhavan
From the Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M., W.P.D. V.N.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Radiology (A.L.C.), University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (A.A.M., I.T.M., W.B., J.C.B., J.T.V., D.K.K), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neuroradiology (N.K.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiology (L.C.J.), Guys and St Thomas’s and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts, London, UK; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., L.G., M.D.M., J.L.H., P.G.K.) Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Imaging (M.M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiology (T.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (J.L.C.), Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
Niklas Lützen
From the Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M., W.P.D. V.N.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Radiology (A.L.C.), University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (A.A.M., I.T.M., W.B., J.C.B., J.T.V., D.K.K), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neuroradiology (N.K.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiology (L.C.J.), Guys and St Thomas’s and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts, London, UK; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., L.G., M.D.M., J.L.H., P.G.K.) Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Imaging (M.M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiology (T.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (J.L.C.), Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
Lalani Carlton Jones
From the Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M., W.P.D. V.N.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Radiology (A.L.C.), University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (A.A.M., I.T.M., W.B., J.C.B., J.T.V., D.K.K), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neuroradiology (N.K.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiology (L.C.J.), Guys and St Thomas’s and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts, London, UK; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., L.G., M.D.M., J.L.H., P.G.K.) Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Imaging (M.M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiology (T.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (J.L.C.), Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
Ian T. Mark
From the Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M., W.P.D. V.N.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Radiology (A.L.C.), University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (A.A.M., I.T.M., W.B., J.C.B., J.T.V., D.K.K), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neuroradiology (N.K.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiology (L.C.J.), Guys and St Thomas’s and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts, London, UK; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., L.G., M.D.M., J.L.H., P.G.K.) Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Imaging (M.M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiology (T.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (J.L.C.), Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
Waleed Brinjikji
From the Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M., W.P.D. V.N.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Radiology (A.L.C.), University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (A.A.M., I.T.M., W.B., J.C.B., J.T.V., D.K.K), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neuroradiology (N.K.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiology (L.C.J.), Guys and St Thomas’s and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts, London, UK; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., L.G., M.D.M., J.L.H., P.G.K.) Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Imaging (M.M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiology (T.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (J.L.C.), Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
John C. Benson
From the Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M., W.P.D. V.N.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Radiology (A.L.C.), University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (A.A.M., I.T.M., W.B., J.C.B., J.T.V., D.K.K), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neuroradiology (N.K.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiology (L.C.J.), Guys and St Thomas’s and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts, London, UK; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., L.G., M.D.M., J.L.H., P.G.K.) Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Imaging (M.M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiology (T.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (J.L.C.), Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
Jared T. Verdoorn
From the Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M., W.P.D. V.N.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Radiology (A.L.C.), University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (A.A.M., I.T.M., W.B., J.C.B., J.T.V., D.K.K), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neuroradiology (N.K.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiology (L.C.J.), Guys and St Thomas’s and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts, London, UK; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., L.G., M.D.M., J.L.H., P.G.K.) Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Imaging (M.M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiology (T.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (J.L.C.), Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
DK Kim
From the Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M., W.P.D. V.N.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Radiology (A.L.C.), University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (A.A.M., I.T.M., W.B., J.C.B., J.T.V., D.K.K), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neuroradiology (N.K.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiology (L.C.J.), Guys and St Thomas’s and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts, London, UK; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., L.G., M.D.M., J.L.H., P.G.K.) Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Imaging (M.M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiology (T.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (J.L.C.), Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
Timothy J. Amrhein
From the Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M., W.P.D. V.N.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Radiology (A.L.C.), University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (A.A.M., I.T.M., W.B., J.C.B., J.T.V., D.K.K), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neuroradiology (N.K.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiology (L.C.J.), Guys and St Thomas’s and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts, London, UK; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., L.G., M.D.M., J.L.H., P.G.K.) Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Imaging (M.M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiology (T.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (J.L.C.), Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
Linda Gray
From the Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M., W.P.D. V.N.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Radiology (A.L.C.), University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (A.A.M., I.T.M., W.B., J.C.B., J.T.V., D.K.K), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neuroradiology (N.K.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiology (L.C.J.), Guys and St Thomas’s and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts, London, UK; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., L.G., M.D.M., J.L.H., P.G.K.) Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Imaging (M.M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiology (T.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (J.L.C.), Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
William P. Dillon
From the Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M., W.P.D. V.N.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Radiology (A.L.C.), University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (A.A.M., I.T.M., W.B., J.C.B., J.T.V., D.K.K), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neuroradiology (N.K.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiology (L.C.J.), Guys and St Thomas’s and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts, London, UK; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., L.G., M.D.M., J.L.H., P.G.K.) Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Imaging (M.M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiology (T.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (J.L.C.), Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
Marcel M. Maya
From the Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M., W.P.D. V.N.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Radiology (A.L.C.), University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (A.A.M., I.T.M., W.B., J.C.B., J.T.V., D.K.K), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neuroradiology (N.K.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiology (L.C.J.), Guys and St Thomas’s and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts, London, UK; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., L.G., M.D.M., J.L.H., P.G.K.) Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Imaging (M.M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiology (T.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (J.L.C.), Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
Thien J. Huynh
From the Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M., W.P.D. V.N.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Radiology (A.L.C.), University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (A.A.M., I.T.M., W.B., J.C.B., J.T.V., D.K.K), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neuroradiology (N.K.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiology (L.C.J.), Guys and St Thomas’s and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts, London, UK; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., L.G., M.D.M., J.L.H., P.G.K.) Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Imaging (M.M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiology (T.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (J.L.C.), Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
Vinil N. Shah
From the Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M., W.P.D. V.N.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Radiology (A.L.C.), University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (A.A.M., I.T.M., W.B., J.C.B., J.T.V., D.K.K), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neuroradiology (N.K.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiology (L.C.J.), Guys and St Thomas’s and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts, London, UK; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., L.G., M.D.M., J.L.H., P.G.K.) Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Imaging (M.M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiology (T.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (J.L.C.), Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
Tomas Dobrocky
From the Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M., W.P.D. V.N.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Radiology (A.L.C.), University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (A.A.M., I.T.M., W.B., J.C.B., J.T.V., D.K.K), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neuroradiology (N.K.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiology (L.C.J.), Guys and St Thomas’s and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts, London, UK; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., L.G., M.D.M., J.L.H., P.G.K.) Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Imaging (M.M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiology (T.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (J.L.C.), Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
Eike I. Piechowiak
From the Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M., W.P.D. V.N.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Radiology (A.L.C.), University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (A.A.M., I.T.M., W.B., J.C.B., J.T.V., D.K.K), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neuroradiology (N.K.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiology (L.C.J.), Guys and St Thomas’s and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts, London, UK; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., L.G., M.D.M., J.L.H., P.G.K.) Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Imaging (M.M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiology (T.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (J.L.C.), Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
Joseph Levi Chazen
From the Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M., W.P.D. V.N.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Radiology (A.L.C.), University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (A.A.M., I.T.M., W.B., J.C.B., J.T.V., D.K.K), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neuroradiology (N.K.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiology (L.C.J.), Guys and St Thomas’s and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts, London, UK; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., L.G., M.D.M., J.L.H., P.G.K.) Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Imaging (M.M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiology (T.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (J.L.C.), Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
Michael D. Malinzak
From the Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M., W.P.D. V.N.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Radiology (A.L.C.), University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (A.A.M., I.T.M., W.B., J.C.B., J.T.V., D.K.K), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neuroradiology (N.K.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiology (L.C.J.), Guys and St Thomas’s and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts, London, UK; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., L.G., M.D.M., J.L.H., P.G.K.) Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Imaging (M.M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiology (T.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (J.L.C.), Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
Jessica L. Houk
From the Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M., W.P.D. V.N.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Radiology (A.L.C.), University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (A.A.M., I.T.M., W.B., J.C.B., J.T.V., D.K.K), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neuroradiology (N.K.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiology (L.C.J.), Guys and St Thomas’s and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts, London, UK; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., L.G., M.D.M., J.L.H., P.G.K.) Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Imaging (M.M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiology (T.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (J.L.C.), Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
Peter G. Kranz
From the Department of Radiology (M.D.M.), The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.D.M., W.P.D. V.N.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Radiology (A.L.C.), University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Radiology (A.A.M., I.T.M., W.B., J.C.B., J.T.V., D.K.K), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neuroradiology (N.K.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiology (L.C.J.), Guys and St Thomas’s and Kings College Hospital Foundation Trusts, London, UK; Department of Radiology (T.J.A., L.G., M.D.M., J.L.H., P.G.K.) Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Imaging (M.M.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Radiology (T.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.D., E.I.P.), University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiology (J.L.C.), Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
Abstract
ABSTRACT SUMMARY: Spinal CSF leak care has considerably evolved over the past several years due to pivotal advances in its diagnosis and treatment. To the reader of the AJNR, it has been impossible to miss the exponential increase in groundbreaking research on spinal CSF leaks and spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). While many clinical specialties have contributed to these successes, the neuroradiologist has been instrumental in driving this transformation due to innovations in non-invasive imaging, novel myelographic techniques, and imageguided therapies. In this editorial, we will delve into the exciting advancements in spinal CSF leak diagnosis and treatment and celebrate the vital role of the neuroradiologist at the forefront of this revolution, with particular attention to CSF leak related work published in the AJNR.
ABBREVIATIONS: SIH = spontaneous intracranial hypotension; CVF = CSF-venous fistula; CTM = CT myelography; DSM = digital subtraction myelography; CB-CTM = conebeam CT myelography; PCD-CT = photon counting detector CT
Footnotes
The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to the content of this article.
- © 2024 by American Journal of Neuroradiology
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Preprint
Spinal CSF Leaks: The Neuroradiologist Transforming Care
Mark D. Mamlouk, Andrew L. Callen, Ajay A. Madhavan, Niklas Lützen, Lalani Carlton Jones, Ian T. Mark, Waleed Brinjikji, John C. Benson, Jared T. Verdoorn, DK Kim, Timothy J. Amrhein, Linda Gray, William P. Dillon, Marcel M. Maya, Thien J. Huynh, Vinil N. Shah, Tomas Dobrocky, Eike I. Piechowiak, Joseph Levi Chazen, Michael D. Malinzak, Jessica L. Houk, Peter G. Kranz
American Journal of Neuroradiology Aug 2024, ajnr.A8484; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A8484
Preprint
Spinal CSF Leaks: The Neuroradiologist Transforming Care
Mark D. Mamlouk, Andrew L. Callen, Ajay A. Madhavan, Niklas Lützen, Lalani Carlton Jones, Ian T. Mark, Waleed Brinjikji, John C. Benson, Jared T. Verdoorn, DK Kim, Timothy J. Amrhein, Linda Gray, William P. Dillon, Marcel M. Maya, Thien J. Huynh, Vinil N. Shah, Tomas Dobrocky, Eike I. Piechowiak, Joseph Levi Chazen, Michael D. Malinzak, Jessica L. Houk, Peter G. Kranz
American Journal of Neuroradiology Aug 2024, ajnr.A8484; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A8484
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