PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Hygino da Cruz, L.C.
AU  - Rodriguez, I.
AU  - Domingues, R.C.
AU  - Gasparetto, E.L.
AU  - Sorensen, A.G.
TI  - Pseudoprogression and Pseudoresponse: Imaging Challenges in the Assessment of Posttreatment Glioma
AID  - 10.3174/ajnr.A2397
DP  - 2011 Dec 01
TA  - American Journal of Neuroradiology
PG  - 1978--1985
VI  - 32
IP  - 11
4099  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/32/11/1978.short
4100  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/32/11/1978.full
SO  - Am. J. Neuroradiol.2011 Dec 01; 32
AB  - The current standard of care for newly diagnosed cases of high-grade glioma is surgical resection followed by RT with concurrent chemotherapy. The most widely used criteria for assessing treatment response are based on a 2D measurement of the enhancing area on MR imaging known as the Macdonald Criteria. Recently, nontumoral increases (pseudoprogression) and decreases (pseudoresponse) in enhancement have been found, and these can confuse outcome evaluation. Here we review pseudoprogression and pseudoresponse and describe how better understanding of these phenomena can aid interpretation. ADCapparent diffusion coefficientBBBblood-brain barrierChocholineDSCdynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imagingDTIdiffusion tensor imagingDWIdiffusion-weighted imagingFDGfluorodeoxyglucoseFLAIRfluid-attenuated inversion recoveryGBMglioblastoma multiformeMGMTmethyltransferaseNAAN-acetylaspartatePETpositron-emission tomographyPSRpercentage of signal-intensity recoveryRANOResponse Assessment in Neuro-OncologyrCBVrelative cerebral blood volumeRECISTResponse Evaluation Criteria in Solid TumorsROCreceiver operating characteristic analysisRTradiation therapyTMZtemozolomideVEGFvascular endothelial growth factor