@article {Mahammedi650, author = {A. Mahammedi and L.L. Wang and B.J. Williamson and P. Khatri and B. Kissela and R.P. Sawyer and R. Shatz and V. Khandwala and A. Vagal}, title = {Small Vessel Disease, a Marker of Brain Health: What the Radiologist Needs to Know}, volume = {43}, number = {5}, pages = {650--660}, year = {2022}, doi = {10.3174/ajnr.A7302}, publisher = {American Journal of Neuroradiology}, abstract = {SUMMARY: Small vessel disease, a disorder of cerebral microvessels, is an expanding epidemic and a common cause of stroke and dementia. Despite being almost ubiquitous in brain imaging, the clinicoradiologic association of small vessel disease is weak, and the underlying pathogenesis is poorly understood. The STandards for ReportIng Vascular changes on nEuroimaging (STRIVE) criteria have standardized the nomenclature. These include white matter hyperintensities of presumed vascular origin, recent small subcortical infarcts, lacunes of presumed vascular origin, prominent perivascular spaces, cerebral microbleeds, superficial siderosis, cortical microinfarcts, and brain atrophy. Recently, the rigid categories among cognitive impairment, vascular dementia, stroke, and small vessel disease have become outdated, with a greater emphasis on brain health. Conventional and advanced small vessel disease imaging markers allow a comprehensive assessment of global brain heath. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of small vessel disease neuroimaging nomenclature by means of the STRIVE criteria, clinical implications, the role of advanced imaging, and future directions.BOLDblood oxygen level{\textendash}dependentCAAcerebral amyloid angiopathy (SVD type 2)CMBcerebral microbleedscSScortical superficial siderosisHAhypertensive arteriolosclerosis (SVD type 1)ICHintracerebral hemorrhagePVSprominent perivascular spacesSTRIVESTandards for ReportIng Vascular changes on nEuroimagingSVDsmall vessel diseaseWMHwhite matter hyperintensities}, issn = {0195-6108}, URL = {https://www.ajnr.org/content/43/5/650}, eprint = {https://www.ajnr.org/content/43/5/650.full.pdf}, journal = {American Journal of Neuroradiology} }