TY - JOUR T1 - Beyond Diffusion Tensor MRI Methods for Improved Characterization of the Brain after Ischemic Stroke: A Review JF - American Journal of Neuroradiology JO - Am. J. Neuroradiol. SP - 661 LP - 669 DO - 10.3174/ajnr.A7414 VL - 43 IS - 5 AU - E.V.R. DiBella AU - A. Sharma AU - L. Richards AU - V. Prabhakaran AU - J.J. Majersik AU - S.K. HashemizadehKolowri Y1 - 2022/05/01 UR - http://www.ajnr.org/content/43/5/661.abstract N2 - SUMMARY: Ischemic stroke is a worldwide problem, with 15 million people experiencing a stroke annually. MR imaging is a valuable tool for understanding and assessing brain changes after stroke and predicting recovery. Of particular interest is the use of diffusion MR imaging in the nonacute stage 1–30 days poststroke. Thousands of articles have been published on the use of diffusion MR imaging in stroke, including several recent articles reviewing the use of DTI for stroke. The goal of this work was to survey and put into context the recent use of diffusion MR imaging methods beyond DTI, including diffusional kurtosis, generalized fractional anisotropy, spherical harmonics methods, and neurite orientation and dispersion models, in patients poststroke. Early studies report that these types of beyond-DTI methods outperform DTI metrics either in being more sensitive to poststroke changes or by better predicting outcome motor scores. More and larger studies are needed to confirm the improved prediction of stroke recovery with the beyond-DTI methods.ADaxial diffusivityAKaxial kurtosisDKIdiffusional kurtosis imagingFAfractional anisotropyFMFugl-MeyerGFAgeneralized fractional anisotropyMDmean diffusivityMKmean kurtosisNODDIneurite orientation dispersion and density imaging; PLIC = posterior limb of the internal capsuleRDradial diffusivitySHOREsimple harmonic oscillator-based reconstruction and estimationvicneurite densityWMTIwhite matter tract integrity ER -