MR imaging signs in 36 patients with IH and 36 control subjectsa
| Patient Group | Opening CSF Pressure on LP in cm H2O (mean) (range) | CVOO | ONS Hydropsb | Reduced Pituitary Height (<2.6 mm) | Flattened Posterior Sclera | Optic Disc Protrusion | Dilated SOV (<2.6 mm in diameter) | Ventriculomegaly | Periventricular CSF Flow | Optic Nerve Edema | Optic Nerve Elongation | No. of Positive MRI Signs (mean) (range) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients | 39.8 | Frequency, | 34/36 | 33/36 | 20/36 | 23/36 | 12/36 | 11/36 | 7/36 | 5/36 | 5/36 | 2/36 | 4.3 (2–9) |
| 24–70 | Sensitivity, | 94% | 92% | 56% | 64% | 33% | 31% | 19% | 14% | 14% | 6% | ||
| CI 95%, | 81%–99% | 76%–98% | 38%–72% | 46%–79% | 19%–91% | 16%–48% | 8%–36% | 5%–29% | 5%–29% | 1%–19% | |||
| Specificity, | 100% | 89% | 97% | 78% | 100% | 97% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | |||
| 95% CI, | 90%–100% | 73%–96% | 85%–100% | 61%–90% | 90%–100% | 85%–100% | 90%–100% | 90%–100% | 90%–100% | 90%–100% | |||
| OR | 1007 | 88 | 44 | 6 | 37 | 15 | 18 | 13 | 13 | 5 | |||
| 95% CI, | 47–21,741 | 18–424 | 5–355 | 2–17 | 2–658 | 2–127 | 1–338 | 1–240 | 1–240 | .3–114 | |||
| Agreement,c | 100% | 100% | 91.7% | 63.9% | 77.8% | 67% | 91.7% | 91.7% | 69.4% | 80.6% | |||
| κc | 1 | 1 | 0.888 | 0.484 | 0.675 | 0.338 | 0.852 | 0.79 | 0.47 | 0.533 | |||
| Patient | 29.5 | Frequency | 10/12 | 11/12 | 4/12 | 5/12 | 2/12 | 4/12 | 1/12 | 1/12 | 0/12 | 0/12 | 3.3 (2–6) |
| subgroup I | 22–38 | 83% | 92% | 33% | 42% | 17% | 33% | 8% | 8% | 0% | 0% | ||
| Patient | 52 | Frequency | 10/10 | 9/10 | 7/10 | 8/10 | 6/10 | 3/10 | 3/10 | 1/10 | 3/10 | 1/10 | 5.1 (3–7) |
| subgroup II | 40–70 | 100% | 90% | 70% | 80% | 60% | 30% | 30% | 10% | 30% | 10% | ||
| Patient | N.T. | Frequency | 14/14 | 13/14 | 9/14 | 10/14 | 4/14 | 4/14 | 3/14 | 3/14 | 2/14 | 1/14 | 4.5 (2–9) |
| subgroup III | 100% | 93% | 64% | 71% | 29% | 29% | 21% | 21% | 14% | 7% | |||
| Controls | N.T. | Frequency | 0/36 | 4/36 | 35/36 | 8/36 | 0/36 | 1/36 | 0/36 | 0/36 | 0/36 | 0/36 | 0.4 (0–1) |
| 0% | 11% | 3% | 22% | 0% | 3% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | ||||
| Agreementc | 100% | 78% | 100% | 69.4% | 94.4% | 94.4% | 94.4% | 97.2% | 97.2% | 94.4% |
a Frequency of all MRI signs differed between patients and controls (P< .01). Frequency of the MRI signs “optic disc protrusion” and “optic nerve edema” were more often found in patient group II compared with patient group I (P< .05). Frequencies of all MRI signs did not differ between patient subgroup III and the other patient groups.
b ONS hydrops was assumed if the diameter was above normal limits in ≥1 different position. Normal upper limits of ONS diameters were 6.4, 5.8, 5.1, and 4.8 mm in measurement positions 1, 2, 3, and 4 (3, 6, 10, and 20 mm behind the globe).
c Results of 3 readers used to determine the interobserver-reliability.