Ascending pharyngeal artery anastomoses and foramina
| Branch | Foramen | Anastomoses |
|---|---|---|
| Middle pharyngeal artery | Descending palatine artery (IMA) | |
| Accessory meningeal artery (IMA) | ||
| Superior pharyngeal artery | Foramen lacerum | Inferolateral trunk to ICA |
| Clival branches to meningohypophyseal trunk to ICA | ||
| Pterygovaginal canal | Pterygovaginal artery to accessory meningeal artery (IMA) | |
| Foramen lacerum | Recurrent artery of the foramen lacerum to ICA | |
| Inferior tympanic artery | Petrosquamosal branch of middle meningeal artery | |
| Caroticotympanic artery to ICA | ||
| Stylomastoid artery | ||
| Hypoglossal branch | Hypoglossal canal | Vertebral artery |
| Jugular branch | Jugular foramen | Lateral clival artery to ICA |
| Musculospinal branch | Foramen magnum | Vertebral artery |
| Odontoid arch system | Foramen magnum | Occipital artery |
Note.—IMA signifies internal maxillary artery; ICA, internal carotid artery.