Table 1:

Confounding conditions that may present as similar to IIHa

Medical disorders

  • Addison disease

  • Hypoparathyroidism

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

  • Right heart failure with pulmonary hypertension

  • Obstructive sleep apnea

  • Pickwickian syndrome

  • Polycystic ovary syndrome

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus

  • Uremia

  • Severe iron deficiency anemia

Medications

  • Tetracycline and related compounds (minocycline, doxycycline)

  • Vitamin A (at doses >25 000 IU daily) and related compounds (isotretinoin [Accutane], vitamin supplements, excessive intake of liver, all-trans retinoic acid)

  • Anabolic steroids

  • Corticosteroid withdrawal following prolonged administration

  • Growth hormone administration in deficient patients

  • Nalidixic acid

  • Lithium

  • Oral contraceptive use

  • Levonorgestrel implant system

  • Amiodarone

  • Cyclosporine

  • Cytarabine

Obstruction to venous drainage

  • Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

  • Jugular vein thrombosis

  • Superior vena cava syndrome

  • Jugular vein ligation following bilateral radical neck dissection

  • Increased right heart pressure

  • Glomus tumor

  • Compression by tumor process (eg, meningioma)

Infections

  • HIV infection, borreliosis

  • Postvaricella infection in children

  • ↵a Adapted from Friedman and Jacobson,7 Szitkar,8 Wall,22 and Alperin et al.79