CNn = 97 | MCIn = 65 | Dementedn = 47 | P Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | ||||
Gender (M/F) | 33 / 64 | 32 / 33 | 19 / 28 | P = .15 |
African American | 13.4% | 13.8% | 8.5% | — |
Hispanic | 38.1% | 29.2% | 25.5% | — |
White | 41.2% | 47.7% | 61.7% | — |
Age (years) | 74.1 ± 7.5 | 73.6 ± 7.2 | 76.5 ± 9.2 | P = .13 |
Education (years) | 12.0 ± 5.0 | 13.0 ± 5.4 | 11.0 ± 4.3 | P = .09 |
RS (clinic/community) | 14 / 83 | 30 / 35 | 27 / 20 | P < .001 |
Cognitive performance | ||||
MMSE | 27.9 ± 2.3a | 25.7 ± 3.7b | 21.1 ± 5.2c | P < .001 |
Semantic | .16 ± .88a | −.18 ± .90a | −.71 ± .95b | P < .001 |
Episodic | .05 ± .86a | −.86 ± .63b | −1.56 ± .61c | P < .001 |
Executive | −.08 ± .69a | −.49 ± .59b | −.91 ± .80c | P < .001 |
Spatial | .02 ± .86a | −.23 ± .97a | −.73 ± .97b | P < .001 |
Brain MRI measures | ||||
GM | .47 ± .03a | .45 ± .03b | .43 ± .03c | P < .001 |
WMH | .007 ± .008a | .009 ± .009a,b | .012 ± .016b | P = .03 |
FA-CC | .90 ± .06a | .88 ± .06a | .85 ± .10b | P = .003 |
FA-Cingulum | .90 ± .08a | .88 ± .09ab | .85 ± .15b | P = .01 |
FA-Fornix | .78 ± .09a | .74 ± .07b | .71 ± .09b | P < .001 |
FA-SLF-FP | .89 ± .06 | .87 ± .08 | .87 ± .09 | P = .22 |
FA-UNC | .91 ± .07a | .90 ± .08ab | .88 ± .08b | P = .03 |
Note:—Continuous variables (MRI measures, cognition scores, education years, and age) are presented as mean and SD; ethnicity data are presented as percentages across cognitive groups.
Group differences determined by simple ANOVA; group differences of character variables determined by χ square. FA, ratio of young adult FA value; GM, percentage of total cranial volume; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination.
a,b,c Means with different superscripts indicate significant group differences after Tukey-Kramer adjustments, where P <.05 was considered statistically significant.