Summary of metabolites/compounds detected by each type of MRS and findings
| Type of MRS | Metabolites/Compounds Detected | Summary of Findings |
|---|---|---|
| 19F MRS | Fluorine 19 nucleus Fluorinated drugs (including SSRIs) | Used to study pharmacokinetics of fluoxetine and fluvoxamine31 |
| 31P MRS | Phosphomonoesters Phosphodiesters Inorganic phosphate Phosphocreatine α-, β-, and γ-nucleoside triphosphate | Membrane phospholipid and energy metabolism abnormalities in frontal and temporal lobes of patients with bipolar disorder36 Lower phosphomonoester levels for patients with euthymic bipolar disorder37 Increased phosphomonoester and decreased ATP levels in frontal lobes of unipolar depressed patients38 |
| Proton MRS | Glx GABA NAA Cr+PCr Cho mIns | See Table 2 |
Note:—APT indicates adenosine triphosphate; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.