BCVI screening criteria
| Signs and symptoms | Arterial hemorrhage/expanding cervical hematoma |
| Cervical bruit | |
| Focal neurologic deficit | |
| Neurologic examination incongruous with head CT scan findings | |
| Stroke on secondary CT scan | |
| Risk factors | Maxillo facial fractures–Le Fort II or III fracture |
| Cervical spine fracture patterns: extension into the transverse foramen, C1–C3 vertebral fractures | |
| Skull base fracture extending to involve the carotid canal | |
| Diffuse axonal injury with GCS score <6 | |
| Near hanging with anoxic brain injury |
Note:—GCS indicates Glasgow Coma Scale. Table adapted from Cothren et al.34