Imaging characteristics of the cohort: structural features by imaging
| No Referable Symptoms | Symptomatic | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IHA volume (mm3) | 48.8 | 78 | .04 |
| Otherwise normal | 14 | 4 | .39 |
| Gray matter heterotopias | 17 | 6 | .61 |
| Septo-optic dysplasia | 0 | 4 | .001 |
| Chiari malformation | 3 | 0 | .25 |
| Periventricular leukomalacia | 2 | 1 | .89 |
| Neoplasm | 2 | 0 | .35 |
| Polymicrogyria | 0 | 1 | .12 |
| Other | 8a | 6b |
↵a Dilated perivascular spaces, multiple sclerosis with a velum interpositum, right cochlear nerve hypoplasia, right cerebral closed lip schizencephaly, vermian hypoplasia, sinus pericranii, and 2 isolated cases of cavum septum pellucidum.
↵b Abnormal sulcation, transmantle cortical dysplasia, frontonasal dysplasia, inferior vermian hypoplasia with absent septum pellucidum, cavum septum pellucidum (with septo-optic dysplasia), and velum interpositum.