Summary of cases of spinal epidural arteriovenous fistula and neural tube defects
| Case No. | Age (yr), Sex | Fistula Location | Presentation | Length of Clinical FU (mo) | Long-Term Outcome | Prior Surgery (Type of Surgery) | Associated NTD | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensory Symptoms | Bladder Dysfunction | Bowel/Sexual Dysfunction | Motor Symptoms | |||||||
| 1 | 46, M | S | Y | Y | N | N | 2 | Unchanged | N | TC + IL |
| 2 | 44, F | L4 | Y | N | N | Y | 3 | Worsened | Y (MMC repair) | MMC |
| 3 | 65, F | S | Y | Y | Y | Y | 4 | Improved | Y (laminectomy) | TC + DS |
| 4 | 64, M | S | Y | Y | Y | Y | 3 | Improved | N | TC + IL |
| 5 | 57, F | S | Y | Y | Y | Y | NA | NA | Y (MMC repair) | MMC |
| 6 | 64, F | S | Y | N | N | Y | 6 | Improved | Y (laminectomy) | TC |
Note:—N indicates no; Y, yes; NA, not applicable/not defined; NTD, neural tube defect; TC, tethered cord; IL, intrathecal lipoma; MMC, myelomeningocele; DS, diastematomyelia; FU, follow-up; S, sacrum.