Demographics and diffusion and volumetric analysis by region
| Control (n = 100) | TTH (n = 31) | MTH (n = 23) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Median age (range) (mo) | 98 (4–213) | 99 (24–209) | 83 (12–212) |
| Sex (M/F) | 36:64 | 13:18 | 6:17 |
| Family history of any headache (No.) (%) | 6 (19%) | 10 (43%) | |
| ADC on neuroimaging ([mean ×10−6 mm2/s], standard error,a P value vs control) | |||
| Cerebral cortex | 899.05 (3.44) | 901.78 (7.04) >.5 | 907.29 (8.22) >.5 |
| Thalamus | 812.48 (3.51) | 815.44 (6.26) >.5 | 833.11 (7.11) .045b |
| Caudate | 815.16 (3.98) | 821.42 (7.11) >.5 | 833.99 (8.64) .149 |
| Putamen | 799.94 (3.48) | 792.42 (6.21) >.5 | 800.75 (7.55) >.5 |
| Pallidum | 836.62 (4.05) | 822.09 (7.22) .24 | 838.30 (8.78) >.5 |
| Hippocampus | 935.52 (4.50) | 965.45 (8.03) .013b | 970.46 (9.76) .038b |
| Amygdala | 885.83 (3.79) | 882.75 (6.78) >.5 | 904.48 (8.24) .113 |
| Nucleus accumbens | 856.83 (4.72) | 841.45 (8.43) .34 | 850.75 (8.43) >.5 |
| Brain stem | 806.72 (3.43) | 825.01 (6.13) .05b | 840.71 (7.45) <.001b |
| Volume on neuroimaging (mean [in mL], standard error,a P value vs control) | |||
| Cerebral cortex | 344.33 (4.19) | 350.56 (3.92) >.5 | 362.54 (9.08) .212 |
| Thalamus | 6.62 (0.08) | 5.54 (0.12) .148 | 5.71 (0.15) >.5 |
| Caudate | 2.68 (0.04) | 2.64 (0.06) >.5 | 2.71 (0.08) >.5 |
| Putamen | 4.49 (0.06) | 4.46 (0.06) >.5 | 4.63 (0.12) >.5 |
| Pallidum | 1.46 (0.02) | 1.42 (0.03) >.5 | 1.50 (0.04) >.5 |
| Hippocampus | 3.10 (0.04) | 3.07 (0.07) >.5 | 3.21 (0.08) >.5 |
| Amygdala | 1.53 (0.02) | 1.55 (0.04) >.5 | 1.59 (0.04) >.5 |
| Nucleus accumbens | 0.37 (0.01) | 0.38 (0.04) >.5 | 0.039 (0.01) >.5 |
| Brain stem | 22.79 (0.30) | 22.51 (0.53) .108 | 22.97 (0.64) >.5 |