Demographic and clinical characteristics of HC and MS groups
| HC (n = 22) | MS (n = 69) | RRMS (n = 44) | PMS (n = 25) | HC vs MS (P Value) | RRMS vs PMS (P Value) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female (No.) (%) | 18 (81.8) | 48 (69.6) | 28 (63.6) | 20 (80.0) | .411a | .184a |
| Age (yr), (median) (range) | 48.0 (17.7–73.3) | 50.3 (18.8–68.29) | 45.6 (18.8–68.3) | 58.3 (33.1–66.9) | .240b | <.001c,d |
| BMI (median) (range) | 25.1 (18.1–44.9) | 27.3 (19.0–44.9) | 26.4 (19.0–44.9) | 28.97 (22.5–43.1) | .104c | .128c |
| Disease duration (yr) (median) (range) | NA | 13 (0–37) | 9.5 (0–35) | 20.0 (1–37) | NA | .001c,d |
| EDSS (median) (range) | NA | 2.5 (0–8) | 1.5 (0.0–6.5) | 6.0 (1.5–8.0) | NA | <.001c,d |
| Hypertension (No.) (%) | 4 (18.2) | 8 (11.6) | 2 (4.5) | 6 (24.0) | .474a | .023a,d |
| Heart diseases (No.) (%) | 1 (4.5) | 4 (5.8) | 3 (6.8) | 1 (4.0) | 1.000a | 1.000a |
| Hyperlipidemia (No.) (%) | 4 (18.2) | 13 (18.8) | 8 (18.2) | 5 (20.0) | 1.000a | 1.000a |
| Diabetes (No.) (%) | 1 (4.5) | 2 (2.9) | 1 (2.3) | 1 (4.0) | .569a | 1.000a |
| Smoking status (No.) (%) | 5 (22.7) | 32 (46.4) | 22 (50.0) | 10 (40.0) | .080a | .461a |
Note:—BMI indicates body mass index; NA, not applicable.
↵a–c The Fisher exact test (a), independent-samples Student t test (b), and independent-samples Mann-Whitney U test (c) were used to evaluate differences between MS and HC groups and between RRMS and PMS, as appropriate.
↵d P values < .05 were considered significant.