Table 2:

Brain MRI findings of patients with pediatric-onset NMOSD vs ADEM

CharacteristicsNMOSD (n = 10)ADEM (n = 10)P Value
Lesion localization/infratentorial
    Medulla4 (40%)2 (20%)1
        Area postrema2 (20%)1 (10%)1
    Cerebellum2 (20%)2 (20%)1
    Pons4 (40%)7 (70%).37
    Middle cerebellar peduncle4 (40%)6 (60%).65
    Periventricular5 (50%)6 (60%)1
    Mesencephalon2 (20%)4 (40%).63
        Periaqueductal1 (10%)1 (10%)1
Lesion localization/supratentorial
    Diencephalon
        Thalamus1 (10%)7 (70%).02a
        Hypothalamus03 (30%).21
        Periventricular05 (50%).37
    Internal capsule05 (50%).03a
    Basal ganglia1 (10%)3 (30%).58
    Corpus callosum1 (10%)2 (20%)1
    Cerebral white matter
        Periventricular3 (30%)6 (60%).37
        Juxtacortical-subcortical5 (50%)9 (90%).57
    Cerebral cortex03 (30%).21
Size (≥2 cm)6 (60%)8 (80%).63
T1 hypointensity7 (70%)6 (60%)1
Expansion7 (70%)8 (80%)1
Contrast enhancement8 (80%)5 (50%).35
Enhancement pattern
    Patchy, nodular52
    Diffuse03
    Leptomeningeal30
    Ring-incomplete ring11
    Perivenular10
Restricted diffusion2b3 (30%)1

  • ↵a Significant.

  • ↵b DWI was not performed in 2 children with NMOSD.