Hemorrhage | Intraparenchymal, intraventricular, subdural, subarachnoid, extra-axial hemorrhages/suspicious collections |
Infarct/ischemia | Transcortical, ischemia, encephalomalacia |
Intracranial mass | Known and unknown diagnosis; including intraparenchymal, sellar, pineal, and so forth |
Mass effect | Herniation, midline shift, diffuse edema, sulcal effacement, ventricular effacement |
Microvascular | Chronic ischemic microvascular white matter changes, lacunar infarctions |
Pneumocephalus | Intraparenchymal, extra-axial, intraventricular |
Postprocedural | Craniotomy, craniectomy, ventricular catheters/drains, drains, cataract surgery, lines |
Sinus | Acute or chronic paranasal or mastoid disease |
Soft-tissue/osseous | Any abnormalities pertaining to these structures |
| Exception: postsurgical or related to the sinuses |
Ventricular caliber | Hydrocephalus, ex vacuo dilation, ventriculomegaly, prominent |
| Exception: effacement caused by mass effect |
Volume loss | Cortical atrophy/volume loss, both diffuse and focal |
| Exception: ventriculomegaly likely secondary to volume loss |
Other | Malformations, abnormal calcification, dural thickening, artifacts, and so forth |