Pressure Changes | Cardiovascular Effects |
---|---|
Increased intrathoracic pressure | Decreased thoracic venous return |
Increased extrathoracic airway pressure | Distention of extrathoracic venous system |
Increased middle ear pressure | Decreased stroke volume |
Increased intracranial pressure | Decreased cardiac output |
Opening of the Eustachian tube | Peripheral vascular constriction |