Clinical characteristics
| Control Participants (n = 29) | Patients with PD (n = 109) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 71.8 ± 8.2 | 67.7 ± 9.2 | .075 |
| Sex (n, M:F) | 5:24 | 51:58 | .005a |
| Clinical scores of the PD group | |||
| MMSE (mean ± SD) | 26.9 ± 2.4 | 26.8 ± 6.7 | .921 |
| MoCA (mean ± SD) | 23.3 ± 2.8 | 22.9 ± 5.4 | .704 |
| UPDRS-III (mean ± SD) | 16.7 ± 9.1 | 17.7 ± 9.2 | .597 |
| Hoehn and Yahr scale (mean ± SD) | 2.0 ± 0.7 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | .899 |
a P values < .05 indicate statistical significance.