Clinical and Imaging Dagnostic Criteria to Differentiate Etiologies of Refractory Thrombectomy

ICADIADRecalcitrant Embolus
DemographicsAge ≥ 65 YearsAge ≤ 55 YearsAny age
Presentations/Risk Factors≥3 Vascular risk factors: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, prior stroke/TIA, smokingTrauma, acute headache, neck painAtrial fibrillation
Embolic infarcts:
>1 Vascular territory
Cardiac surgery
Imaging FindingsMultivessel disease
Peripheral vascular calcifications (extracranial and intracranial ICA)
Intimal flap
Double lumen
Calcified embolus
Interventional FindingsNo stent normalizationStent normalizationNo stent normalization
Residual stenosis >50%Residual stenosis <50%Residual stenosis >50%
>3 Passes