Summary of findings for an educational intervention versus standard, spinal clinic consultationa
| Follow-Up Period/Outcome | Outcome Measure (Scale) | Effect Size, Mean Difference (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Intermediate | ||
| Pain | NRS (0–10) | 1.20 (−1.00−3.40) |
| Disability | NRS (0–10) | 1.40 (−1.46−4.26) |
| Fear of movement | TSK−11 (11–44) | 6.70 (−2.12−15.52) |
Note:—NRS indicates numeric rating scale; TSK-11, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia−11.
↵a Karran et al, 2018,22n = 31. GRADE = very low. Negative values of the mean difference estimate represent an effect in favor of the intervention group.