Demographics and characteristics of included neonates
| Extremely Preterm Neonatesa (n = 35) | Unpaired T Testb/Fisher Exact Testc | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Female (n = 17) | Male (n = 18) | ||
| Neonatal characteristics | |||
| GA at birth (weeks+days)d | 26 + 0, SD = 1 + 4;R = 23 + 3–27 + 6 | 26 + 1, SD = 1 + 3;R = 23 + 4–27 + 6 | P = .787 |
| Vaginal delivery | n = 3 | n = 2 | P = .658 |
| Caesarean delivery | n = 14 | n = 16 | P = .658 |
| Birth weight (g)d | 773, SD = 250;R = 480–1500 | 918, SD = 241;R = 530–1300 | P = .091 |
| Singleton pregnancy | n = 10 | n = 12 | P = .733 |
| Multiple pregnancy | n = 7 | n = 6 | P = .733 |
| Surfactant received | n = 17 | n = 18 | P > .999 |
| PMA at MR imaging (weeks+days)d | 37 + 4, SD = 2 + 1;R = 34 + 0–43 + 4 | 37 + 0, SD = 1 + 2;R = 35 + 1–40 + 2 | P = .283 |
| Maternal characteristics | |||
| Maternal age at delivery (yr)d | 33, SD = 5; R = 22–40 | 30, SD = 6; R = 19–38 | P = .145 |
| Presence of pre-eclampsia | n = 5 | n = 2 | P = .228 |
| Presence of GDM | n = 1 | n = 0 | P = .486 |
| Presence of IAIe | n = 2 | n = 2 | P > .999 |
| Neonatal mortality risk | |||
| CRIB II scoredd | 11, SD = 2; R = 7–16 | 11, SD = 3; R = 8–17 | P = .928 |
| Neonatal diagnosesf | |||
| Perinatal asphyxiag | n = 4 | n = 6 | P = .711 |
| Patent ductus arteriosus | n = 3 | n = 0 | P = .104 |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis | n = 1 | n = 1 | P > .999 |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | n = 3 | n = 3 | P > .999 |
| Retinopathy of prematurity | n = 9 | n = 7 | P = .505 |
Note:—CRIB II indicates Clinical Risk Index for Babies II; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; IAI, intra-amniotic infection (corioamnionitis).
↵a Born before 28 weeks’ gestation (routine MR imaging of the preterm neonatal brain at approximately term-equivalent age).
↵b Applies to metric data.
↵c Applies to categoric variables.
↵d Data presented as mean (SD) and range (R).
↵e Based on clinical presentation, placental histology, bacterial culture, and blood markers of inflammation.
↵f Neonates could be represented in multiple rows (>1 condition).
↵g Based on clinical presentation, Apgar scores, umbilical cord pH, and first blood gas analysis (pH, base excess, and lactate) (absence of asphyxia-induced brain injury).