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Measuring the Absolute Water Content of the Brain Using Quantitative MRI

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Book cover Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 711))

Abstract

Methods for quantitative imaging of the brain are presented and compared. Highly precise and accurate mapping of the absolute water content and distribution, as presented here, requires a significant number of corrections and also involves mapping of other MR parameters. Here, either T 1 and T 2 * or T 2 is mapped, and several corrections involving the measurement of temperature, transmit and receive B 1 inhomogeneities and signal extrapolation to zero TE are applied. Information about the water content of the whole brain can be acquired in clinically acceptable measurement times (10 or 20 min). Since water content is highly regulated in the healthy brain, pathological changes can be easily identified and their evolution or correlation with other manifestations of the disease investigated. In addition to voxel-based total water content, information about the different environments of water can be gleaned from qMRI. The myelin water fraction can be extracted from the fit of very high-SNR multiple-echo T 2 decay curves with a superposition of a large number of exponentials. Diseases involving de- or dysmyelination can be investigated and lead to novel observations regarding the water compartmentalisation in tissue, despite the limited spatial coverage. In conclusion, quantitative MRI is emerging as an unparalleled tool for the study of the normal and diseased brain, replacing the customary time–space environment of the sequential mixed-contrast MRI with a multi-NMR-parametric space in which tissue microscopy is increasingly revealed.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    This sequence has recently become available on Siemens scanners as the multi-echo variant of the standard multi-slice gradient echo. Other manufacturers also have similar product sequences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany

    Nadim Joni Shah, Veronika Ermer & Ana-Maria Oros-Peusquens

  2. RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

    Nadim Joni Shah

  3. King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, London, UK

    Ana-Maria Oros-Peusquens

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  1. Nadim Joni Shah
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  2. Veronika Ermer
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  3. Ana-Maria Oros-Peusquens
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Correspondence to Nadim Joni Shah .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, King's College London, Coldharbour Lane 125, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom

    Michel Modo

  2. Institute of Cell Engineering, Dept Radiology & Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Univ. Sch. of Med., Rutland Ave. 720, Baltimore, 21205, Maryland, USA

    Jeff W.M. Bulte

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Shah, N.J., Ermer, V., Oros-Peusquens, AM. (2011). Measuring the Absolute Water Content of the Brain Using Quantitative MRI. In: Modo, M., Bulte, J. (eds) Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 711. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61737-992-5_3

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