Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The histotoxicity of cyanoacrylates

A selective review

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Neuroradiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Cyanoacrylates, a group of rapidly polymerizing adhesives, have found widespread uses in oral and general surgery as well as surgical subspecialties, for example as hemostatic and anastomotic agents. They have been utilized most recently as materials for embolotherapy of complex cerebral and extra-cerebral vascular anomalies. The histopathology that results from their deposition in human tissues is thus an important consideration, and the subject of this review. Particular attention is given to the fate of cyanoacrylates in cerebral lesions after iatrogenic embolization procedures. The apparent toxicity of these plastics on blood vessel walls is discussed in relation to experimental observations. It is imperative that clinicians who use this group of substances evaluate their potential functions in the light of the pathologic findings.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Coover HW Jr, Wicker TH (1966) Chemistry of methyl-2-cyanoacrylate. In: Healey JE Jr (ed) A symposium on physiological adhesives. University of Texas, Houston, pp 3–10

    Google Scholar 

  2. Cameron JL, Woodward SC, Pulaski EJ, Sleeman HK, Brandes G, Kulkarni RK, Leonard F (1965) The degradation of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive. I. Surgery 58:424–430

    Google Scholar 

  3. Leonard F, Kulkarni RK Brandes G, Nelson J, Cameron JJ (1966) Synthesis and degradation of poly (alkyl α-cyanoacrylates). J Appl Polymer Sci 10:259–272

    Google Scholar 

  4. Collins JA, Pani KC, Lehman RA, Leonard F (1966) Biological substrates and cure rates of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives. Arch Surg 93:428–432

    Google Scholar 

  5. Matsumoto T, Nemhauser GM, Soloway HB, Heisterkamp C, Aaby G (1969) Cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives: an experimental and clinical evaluation. Milit Med 134: 247–252

    Google Scholar 

  6. Galil KA, Schofield ID, Wright GZ (1984) Detection of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives in histological sections. J Biomed Mater Res 18:609–616

    Google Scholar 

  7. Galil KA, Schofield ID, Wright GZ (1984) Effect of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (histoacryl blue) on the healing of skin wounds. Can Dent Assoc J 50:565–569

    Google Scholar 

  8. Petrella E, Orlandini G, Poisetti P, Gentile MG, D'Amico G (1975) A new end-to-end anastomosis formed without sutures for hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas. Nephron 14: 398–400

    Google Scholar 

  9. Stone HH (1966) Utilization of methyl-2-cyanoacrylate in the fixation of skin grafts. Am J Surg 112:439–440

    Google Scholar 

  10. O'Leary JA (1971) Tissue adhesives and pelvic hemostasis: an evaluation of isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate. J Surg Oncol 3: 117–120

    Google Scholar 

  11. Matsumoto T (1967) Tissue adhesives in fatal hemorrhage from solid organs. Milit Med 132:951–962

    Google Scholar 

  12. Sawyers JL, Vasko J (1963) Sealing cut lung surfaces with plastic adhesive. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 46:526–530

    Google Scholar 

  13. Mathes GL, Terry JW Jr (1963) Non-suture closure of nephrotomy. J Urol 89:122–125

    Google Scholar 

  14. Cameron JL, Woodward SC, Herrmann JB (1964) Pancreatic wounds sealed with plastic adhesive. An expermental study in the cat. Arch Surg 89:546–553

    Google Scholar 

  15. Matsumoto T, Pani KC, Hardaway RM III, Leonard F, Heisterkamp CA (1967) Cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive in surgery in anticoagulated subjects. Study of immediate postoperative bleeding. Arch Surg 94:187–189

    Google Scholar 

  16. Healey JE Jr (ed) (1966) A symposium on physiological adhesives. University of Texas, Houston

    Google Scholar 

  17. Fogle JA, Kenyon KR, Foster CS (1980) Tissue adhesive arrests stromal melting in the human cornea. Am J Ophthalmol 89:795–802

    Google Scholar 

  18. Wilkinson TS, Rybka FJ (1971) Experimental study of prevention of tip necrosis in ischemic z-plasties. Plast Reconstr Surg 47:37–38

    Google Scholar 

  19. Smyth GDL, Kerr AG (1974) Histoacryl (butyl cyanoacrylate) as an ossicular adhesive. J Laryngol Otol 88:539–542

    Google Scholar 

  20. Bhaskar SN, Frisch J, Margetis PM, Leonard F (1966) Application of a new chemical adhesive in periodontic and oral surgery. Oral Surg 22:526–535

    Google Scholar 

  21. Bhaskar SN (1970) Butyl cyanoacrylate as a surface adhesive in human oral wounds. In: Manly RS (ed) Adhesion in biological systems. Academic Press, New York London, pp 201–208

    Google Scholar 

  22. Bhaskar SN, Beasley JD, Ward JP, Cutright DE (1972) Human pulp capping with isobutyl cyanoacrylate. J Dent Res 51:58–61

    Google Scholar 

  23. Bhaskar SN, Frisch J, Margetis PM (1969) Tissue response to a dental cement containing butyl cyanoacrylate. J Dent Res 48:57–60

    Google Scholar 

  24. Levin MP, Cutright DE, Bhaskar SN (1975) Cyanoacrylate as a periodontal dressing. J Oral Med 30:40–43

    Google Scholar 

  25. Bhaskar SN, Frisch J (1968) Use of cyanoacrylate adhesives in dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc 77:831–837

    Google Scholar 

  26. Bhaskar SN, Frisch J, Cutright DE, Margetis P (1967) Effect of butyl cyanoacrylate on the healing of extraction wounds. Oral Surg 24:604–616

    Google Scholar 

  27. Galil KA, Wright GZ, Schofield ID (1984) The healing of hamster skin ulcers treated with n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (histoacryl blue). J Biomed Mater Res 18:601–607

    Google Scholar 

  28. Nabers JM (1966) Free gingival grafts. Periodontics 4: 243–245

    Google Scholar 

  29. Woodward SC, Herrmann JB, Cameron JL, Brandes G, Pulaski EJ, Leonard F (1965) Histotoxicity of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive in the rat. Ann Surg 162:113–122

    Google Scholar 

  30. Matsumoto T, Hardaway RM III, Heisterkamp CA III, Pani KC, Leonard F (1967) Higher homologous cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives in surgery of internal organs. Arch Surg 94: 861–864

    Google Scholar 

  31. Lehman RAW, Hayes GJ, Leonard F (1966) Toxicity of alkyl 2-cyanoacrylates. I. Peripheral nerve. Arch Surg 93:441–446

    Google Scholar 

  32. Matsumoto T, Pani KC, Hardaway RM III, Leonard F, Jennings PB, Heisterkamp CA III (1967) Higher homologous cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives in injured kidney. Arch Surg 94: 392–395

    Google Scholar 

  33. Editorial comment (1967) Cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives. JAMA 201:113

    Google Scholar 

  34. Aronson SB, McMaster PRB, Moore TE Jr, Coon MA (1970) Toxicity of the cyanoacrylates. Arch Ophthalmol 84:342–349

    Google Scholar 

  35. Ousterhout DK, Gladieux GV, Leonard F (1968) Cutaneous absorption of N-alkyl α-cyanoacrylate. J Biomed Mater Res 2:157–163

    Google Scholar 

  36. Jandinski J, Sonis S (1971) In vitro effects of isobutyl cyanoacrylate on four types of bacteria. J Dent Res 50: 1557–1558

    Google Scholar 

  37. Lehman RAW, West RL, Leonard F (1966) Toxicity of alkyl 2-cyanoacrylates. II. Bacterial growth. Arch Surg 93:447–450

    Google Scholar 

  38. Galil KA, Schofield ID, Wright GZ, Ryall L (1984) Cytotoxic effect of two cyanoacrylates. An in-vitro study. J Dent Res 63:325 (abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Marck PA, Cummins JE, Galil K, Schofield I, Wright GZ (1982) Weak mutagenicity of an N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive. J Dent Res 61:288 (abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Chou SN, Ortiz-Suarez HJ, Brown WE (1974) Technique and material for coating aneurysms. Clin Neurosurg 21:182–193

    Google Scholar 

  41. Mazur JB, Salazar JL (1978) Late thrombosis of middle cerebral artery following clipping and coating of aneurysms. Surg Neurol 10:131–133

    Google Scholar 

  42. Messer HD, Strenger L, McVeety HJ (1963) Use of plastic adhesive for reinforcement of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. J Neurosurg 20:360–362

    Google Scholar 

  43. Sugar O, Tsuchiya G (1964) Plastic coating of intracranial aneurysms with “EDH-adhesive”. J Neurosurg 21:114–117

    Google Scholar 

  44. Carton CA, Kennady JC (1966) Further studies on the use of a plastic adhesive (methyl-2-cyanoacrylate, monomer) in the management of intracranial aneurysms and leaking cerebral vessels: a report of 23 cases. In: Healey JE Jr (ed) A symposium on physiological adhesives. University of Texas, Houston, pp 171–213

    Google Scholar 

  45. Carton CA, Kennady JC, Heifetz MD, Ross-Duggan JK (1965) The use of a plastic adhesive (methyl-2-cyanoacrylate, monomer) in the management of intracranial aneurysms and leaking cerebral vessels: a report of 15 cases. In: Fields WS, Sahs AL (eds) Intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Thomas, Springfield, IL, pp 372–443

    Google Scholar 

  46. Sachs E Jr, Erbengi A, Margolis G, Wilson DH (1966) Fatality from ruptured intracranial aneurysm after coating with methyl 2-cyanoacrylate (Eastman 910 monomer, M2 C-1). Case report. J Neurosurg 24:889–891

    Google Scholar 

  47. Coe JE, Bondurant CP Jr (1964) Late thrombosis following the use of autogenous fascia and a cyanoacrylate (Eastman 910 monomer) for the wrapping of an intracranial aneurysm. J Neurosurg 21:884–886

    Google Scholar 

  48. Chou SN (1977) Use of cyanoacrylates (letter). J Neurosurg 46:266

    Google Scholar 

  49. Diaz FG, Mastri AR, Chou SN (1977) Brain tissue reaction to aneurysm-coating adhesive. Surg Forum 28:485–487

    Google Scholar 

  50. Diaz FG, Mastri AR, Chou SN (1978) Neural and vascular tissue reaction to aneurysm-coating adhesive (Ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate). Neurosurgery 3:45–49

    Google Scholar 

  51. Carton CA (1978) Use of cyanoacrylates (letter). J Neurosurg 49:473–474

    Google Scholar 

  52. Crowell RM, Morawetz RB, DeGirolami U, Joris I (1978) Vascular tissue adhesives (letter). J Neurosurg 48:154

    Google Scholar 

  53. Hood TW, Mastri AR, Chou SN (1982) Neural and vascular tissue reaction to cyanoacrylate adhesives: a further report. Neurosurgery 11:363–366

    Google Scholar 

  54. Dutton J, Yates PO (1966) An experimental study of the effects of a plastic adhesive, methyl 2-cyanoacrylate monomer (M2 C-1) in various tissues. J Neurosurg 24:876–882

    Google Scholar 

  55. Kline DG, Hayes GJ (1963) An experimental evaluation of the effect of a plastic adhesive, methyl 2-cyanoacrylate, on neural tissue. J Neurosurg 20:647–654

    Google Scholar 

  56. Yashon D, Jane JA, Gordon MC, Hubbard JL, Sugar O (1966) Effects of methyl 2-cyanoacrylate adhesives on the somatic vessels and the central nervous system of animals. J Neurosurg 24:883–888

    Google Scholar 

  57. Erbengi A, Sachs E Jr, Margolis G, Liggio R (1966) Histotoxic effects of methyl-2-cyanoacrylate on the carotid artery. In: Healey JE Jr (ed) A symposium on physiological adhesives. University of Texas, Houston, pp 74–88

    Google Scholar 

  58. Hoppenstein R, Weissberg D, Goetz RH (1965) Fusiform dilatation and thrombosis of arteries following the application of methyl 2-cyanoacrylate (Eastman 910 monomer). J Neurosurg 23:556–564

    Google Scholar 

  59. Maxwell JA, Goldware SI (1973) Use of tissue adhesive in the surgical treatment of cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Experience with isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate in 12 cases. J Neurosurg 39: 332–336

    Google Scholar 

  60. Lehman RAW, Hayes GJ, Martins AN (1967) The use of adhesive and lyophilized dura in the treatment of cerebrospinal rhinorrhea. Technical note. J Neurosurg 26:92–95

    Google Scholar 

  61. VanderArk GD, Pitkethly DT, Ducker TB, Kempe LG (1970) Repair of cerebrospinal fluid fistulas using a tissue adhesive. J Neurosurg 33:151–155

    Google Scholar 

  62. Matsumoto T, Pani KC, Hamit HF (1968) Use of tissue adhesives for arterial anastomoses. Arch Surg 96:405–409

    Google Scholar 

  63. Troupp H, Rinne T (1964) Methyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Eastman 910) in experimental vascular surgery. With a note on experimental arterial aneurysms. J Neurosurg 21:1067–1069

    Google Scholar 

  64. Jacobson JH II, Moody RA, Kusserow BK, Reich T, Wang MCH (1966) The tissue response to a plastic adhesive used in combination with microsurgical technique in reconstruction of small arteries. Surgery 60:379–385

    Google Scholar 

  65. Shintani A, Zervas NT, Kuwayama A (1972) Rapid microvascular repair using plastic adhesive. Stroke 3:34–40

    Google Scholar 

  66. Hurwitz PJ, Magora A, Gonen B, Appelboim J, Ben-Hur N (1974) Microsurgical techniques and the use of tissue adhesive in the repair of peripheral nerves. J Surg Res 17:245–252

    Google Scholar 

  67. Souther SG, Levitsky S, Roberts WC (1971) Bucrylate tissue adhesive for microvascular anastomosis. Arch Surg 103: 496–499

    Google Scholar 

  68. Gottlob R, Blümel G (1967) The toxic action of alkylcyanoacrylate adhesives on vessels. Comparative studies. J Surg Res 7:362–367

    Google Scholar 

  69. Samson D, Ditmore QM, Beyer CW Jr (1981) Intravascular use of isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate: Part 2. Treatment of carotid-cavernous fistulas. Neurosurgery 8:52–55

    Google Scholar 

  70. Kerber CW, Bank WO, Cromwell LD (1979) Cyanoacrylate occlusion of carotid-cavernous fistula with preservation of carotid artery flow. Neurosurgery 4:210–215

    Google Scholar 

  71. Dubois PJ, Kerber CW, Heinz ER (1979) Interventional techniques in Neuroradiology. Radiol Clin North Am 17: 515–542

    Google Scholar 

  72. Sheptak PE, Zanetti PH, Susen AF (1977) The treatment of intracranial aneurysms by injection with a tissue adhesive. Neurosurgery 1:25–29

    Google Scholar 

  73. Drake CG (1979) Cerebral arteriovenous malformations: considerations for and experience with surgical treatment in 166 cases. Clin Neurosurg 26:145–208

    Google Scholar 

  74. Kerber C (1980) Use of balloon catheters in the treatment of cranial arterial abnormalities. Stroke 11:210–216

    Google Scholar 

  75. Kerber C (1975) Intracranial cyanoacrylate: a new catheter therapy for arteriovenous malformation. Invest Radiol 10: 536–538

    Google Scholar 

  76. Margolis MT, Freeny PC, Kendrick MM (1979) Cyanoacrylate occlusion of a spinal cord arteriovenous malformation. Case report. J Neurosurg 51:107–110

    Google Scholar 

  77. Cromwell LD, Harris AB (1980) Treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. A combined neurosurgical and neuroradiological approach. J Neurosurg 52:705–708

    Google Scholar 

  78. Samson D, Ditmore QM, Beyer CW Jr (1981) Intravascular use of isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate: Part 1. Treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery 8:43–51

    Google Scholar 

  79. Drake CG (1983) Arteriovenous malformations of the brain. The options for management. N Engl J Med 309:308–310

    Google Scholar 

  80. Debrun G., Vinuela F, Fox A, Drake CG (1982) Embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations with bucrylate. Experience in 46 cases. J Neurosurg 56:615–627

    Google Scholar 

  81. Stein BM, Wolpert SM (1980) Arteriovenous malformations of the brain. Current concepts and treatment. Arch Neurol 37:1–5, 69–75

    Google Scholar 

  82. Kerber CW, Cromwell LD, Sheptak PE (1978) Intraarterial cyanoacrylate: an adjunct in the treatment of spinal/paraspinal arteriovenous malformations. AJR 103:99–103

    Google Scholar 

  83. Vinuela F, Fox AJ (1983) Interventional neuroradiology and the management of arteriovenous malformations and fistulas. Neurol Clin 1:131–154

    Google Scholar 

  84. Luessenhop AJ, Spence WT (1960) Artificial embolization of cerebral arteries. Report of use in a case of arteriovenous malformation. JAMA 172:1153–1155

    Google Scholar 

  85. Djindjian R, Cophignon J, Théron J, Merland JJ, Houdart R (1973) Embolization by superselective arteriography from the femoral route in neuroradiology. Review of 60 cases. I. Technique, indications, complications. Neuroradiology 6:20–26

    Google Scholar 

  86. Djindjian R, Cophignon J, Rey A, Théron J, Merland JJ, Houdart R (1973) Superselective arteriographic embolization by the femoral route in neuroradiology. Study of 50 cases. II. Embolization in vertebromedullary pathology. Neuroradiology 6:132–142

    Google Scholar 

  87. Djindjian R, Cophignon J, Rey A, Théron J, Merland JJ, Houdart R (1973) Superselective arteriographic embolization by the femoral route in neuroradiology. Study of 50 cases. III. Embolization in craniocerebral pathology. Neuroradiology 6:143–152

    Google Scholar 

  88. Djindjian R (1975) Superselective internal carotid arteriography and embolization. Neuroradiology 9:145–156

    Google Scholar 

  89. Luessenhop AJ, Gibbs M, Velasquez AC (1962) Cerebrovascular response to emboli. Observations in patients with arteriovenous malformations. Arch Neurol 7:264–274

    Google Scholar 

  90. Luessenhop AJ, Presper JH (1975) Surgical embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations through internal carotid and vertebral arteries. Long-term results. J Neurosurg 42: 443–451

    Google Scholar 

  91. Boulos R, Kricheff II, Chase NE (1970) Value of cerebral angiography in the embolization treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Radiology 97:65–70

    Google Scholar 

  92. Luessenhop AJ, Kachmann R Jr, Shevlin W, Ferrero AA (1965) Clinical evaluation of artificial embolization in the management of large cerebral arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg 23:400–417

    Google Scholar 

  93. Luessenhop AJ (1969) Artificial embolization for cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Progr Neurol Surg 3:320–362

    Google Scholar 

  94. Whittle IR, Johnston IH, Besser M, Lamond TS, deSilva M (1983) Experience with bucrylate (isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate) embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations during surgery. Surg Neurol 19:442–449

    Google Scholar 

  95. Luessenhop AJ, Rosa L (1984) Cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Indications for and results of surgery, and the role of intravascular techniques. J Neurosurg 60:14–22

    Google Scholar 

  96. Berenstein A, Kricheff II (1981) Neuroradiologic interventional procedures. Semin Roentgenol 16:79–94

    Google Scholar 

  97. Berenstein A, Kricheff II (1979) Catheter and material selection for transarterial embolization: technical considerations. II. Materials. Radiology 132:631–639

    Google Scholar 

  98. Dick R (1977) Radiology now-therapeutic angiographic embolization. Br J Radiol 50:241–242

    Google Scholar 

  99. Kricheff II, Madayag M, Braunstein P (1972) Transfemoral catheter embolization of cerebral and posterior fossa arteriovenous malformations. Radiology 103:107–111

    Google Scholar 

  100. Goldman ML, Land WC Jr, Bradley EL III, Anderson J (1976) Transcatheter therapeutic embolization in the management of massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Radiology 120:513–521

    Google Scholar 

  101. Rösch J, Goldman ML, Dotter CT (1975) Experimental catheter obstruction of the gastric coronary vein. Possible technique for percutaneous intravascular tamponade of the gastroesophageal varices. Invest Radiol 10:206–211

    Google Scholar 

  102. Freeny PC, Kidd R (1979) Transhepatic portal venography and selective obliteration of gastroesophagea varices using isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate (bucrylate). Dig Dis Sci 24:321–330

    Google Scholar 

  103. Goldin AR (1976) Control of duodenal haemorrhage with cyanoacrylate. Br J Radiol 49:583–588

    Google Scholar 

  104. Lunderquist A, Börjesson B, Owman T, Bengmark S (1978) Isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate (bucrylate) in obliteration of gastric coronary vein and esophageal varices. AJR 130:1–6

    Google Scholar 

  105. White RI Jr, Strandberg JV, Gross GS, Barth KH (1977) Therapeutic embolization with long-term occluding agents and their effects on embolized tissues. Radiology 125:677–687

    Google Scholar 

  106. Dotter CT, Goldman ML, Rösch J (1975) Instant selective arterial occlusion with isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate. Radiology 114:227–230

    Google Scholar 

  107. Miller FJ Jr, Rankin RS, Gliedman JB, Nakashima E (1978) Experimental internal iliac artery embolization: evaluation of low viscosity silicone rubber, isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate, and carbon microspheres. Radiology 129:51–58

    Google Scholar 

  108. Goldman ML, Skorapa V Jr, Galambos JT, Oen K-T, Jove DF, Silberman M (1978) Intra-arterial tissue adhesives for medical splenectomy in dogs. Am J Gastroenterol 70: 489–495

    Google Scholar 

  109. Zanetti PH, Sherman FE (1972) Experimental evaluation of a tissue adhesive as an agent for the treatment of aneurysms and arteriovenous anomalies. J Neurosurg 36:72–79

    Google Scholar 

  110. Kish KK, Rapp SM, Wilner HI, Wolfe D, Thomas LM, Barr J (1983) Histopathologic effects of transarterial bucrylate occlusion of intracerebral arteries in mongrel dogs. AJNR 4: 385–387

    Google Scholar 

  111. Ekelund L, Månsson W, Olsson AM, Stigsson L (1979) Palliative embolization of arterial renal tumour supply. Results in 10 cases. Acta Radiol [Diagn] (Stockh) 20:323–336

    Google Scholar 

  112. Giuliani L, Carmignani G, Belgrano E, Puppo P (1979) Transcatheter arterial embolization in urological tumors: the use of isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate. J Urol 121:630–634

    Google Scholar 

  113. Freny PC, Mennemeyer R, Kidd CR, Bush WH (1979) Long-term radiographic-pathologic follow-up of patients treated with visceral transcatheter occlusion using isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate (bucrylate). Radiology 132:51–60

    Google Scholar 

  114. Goldman ML, Freeny PC, Tallman JM, Galambos JT, Bradley EL III, Salam A, Oen K-T, Gordon IJ, Mennemeyer R (1978) Transcatheter vascular occlusion therapy with isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate (bucrylate) for control of massive upper-gastrointestinal bleeding. Radiology 129:41–49

    Google Scholar 

  115. Freeny PC, Bush WH Jr, Kidd R (1979) Transcatheter occlusive therapy of genitourinary abnormalities using isobuty 2-cyanoacrylate (bucrylate). AJR 133:647–656

    Google Scholar 

  116. Goldman ML, Sarrafizadeh MS, Philip PK, Karmody AM, Leather RP, Parikh N, Powers SR (1980) Bucrylate embolization of abdominal aortic aneurysms: an adjunct to non-resective therapy. AJR 135:1195–1200

    Google Scholar 

  117. Goldman ML, Philip PK, Sarrafizadeh MS, Sarfeh IJ, Salam AA, Galambos JT, Powers SR, Balint JA (1981) Intra-arterial adhesive for medical splenectomy in humans. Radiology 140:341–349

    Google Scholar 

  118. Vinters HV, Debrun G, Kaufmann JCE, Drake CG (1981) Pathology of arteriovenous malformations embolized with isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate (bucrylate). Report of two cases. J Neurosurg 55:819–825

    Google Scholar 

  119. Vinters HV, Lundie MJ, Kaufmann JCE, Fox AJ, Viñuela FV (1984) Pathologic reactions to isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate in encephalic arteriovenous malformations (in preparation)

  120. Lundie MJ, Ellyatt D, Kaufmann JCE, Vinters HV (1984) A staining procedure to aid in assessment of bucrylate histotoxicity in tissue sections (submitted for publication)

  121. Lehman RAW, Hayes GJ (1967) The toxicity of alkyl 2-cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives: brain and blood vessels. Surgery 61:915–922

    Google Scholar 

  122. Viñuela FV, Debrun GM, Fox AJ, Girvin JP, Peerless SJ (1983) Dominant-hemisphere arteriovenous malformations: therapeutic embolization with isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate. AJNR 4:959–966

    Google Scholar 

  123. Viñuela F, Fox AJ, Debrun G, Drake CG, Peerless SJ, Girvin JP (1983) Progressive thrombosis of brain arteriovenous malformations after embolization with isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate. AJNR 4:1233–1238

    Google Scholar 

  124. Stehbens WE (1972) Pathology of the cerebral blood vessels. Mosby, St Louis

    Google Scholar 

  125. Kerber C (1975) Experimental arteriovenous fistula. Creation and percutaneous catheter obstruction with cyanoacrylate. Invest Radiol 10:10–17

    Google Scholar 

  126. Coard K, Silver MD, Perkins G, Fox AJ, Viñuela FV (1984) Isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate pulmonary emboli associated with occlusive embolotherapy of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Histopathology (in press)

  127. Fleischer AS, Kricheff I, Ransohoff J (1972) Postmorterm findings following the embolization of an arteriovenous malformation. Case report. J Neurosurg 37:606–609

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Clinical Neurological Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

    H. V. Vinters, M. J. Lundie & J. C. E. Kaufmann

  2. Department of Anatomy, Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

    K. A. Galil

Authors
  1. H. V. Vinters
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. K. A. Galil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. J. Lundie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. J. C. E. Kaufmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Vinters, H.V., Galil, K.A., Lundie, M.J. et al. The histotoxicity of cyanoacrylates. Neuroradiology 27, 279–291 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00339559

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00339559

Key words

Search

Navigation