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Prächirurgische funktionelle Magnetresonanztomographie

Presurgical functional magnetic resonance imaging

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Zusammenfassung

Die funktionelle Magnetresonanztomographie (fMRT) ist eine neue, wichtige Modalität der neuroradiologischen Bildgebung bei Patienten mit Hirntumoren. Durch die nichtinvasive Messung, Lokalisation und Lateralisation wichtiger Hirnfunktionen wie Motorik oder Sprache werden die Auswahl einer schonenden Therapie und ein funktionserhaltendes Operieren möglich. Voraussetzungen sind die Verwendung klinisch erprobter Untersuchungsprotokolle und eine technisch-methodische Standardisierung. Sinnvoll sind die Kombination der fMRT mit anderen Modalitäten der modernen MR-Bildgebung, besonders dem „diffusion tensor imaging“ (DTI) zur Darstellung wichtiger Faserverbindungen, und die Implementierung dieser multimodalen MR-Bilddaten in Neuronavigatoren oder Bestrahlungssysteme. Wegen fehlender Empfehlungen und Richtlinien medizinischer Fachgesellschaften und fehlender Zulassung wichtiger Hard- und Softwarekomponenten ist die fMRT in der klinischen Diagnostik noch nicht abschließend etabliert. Die klinische Anwendbarkeit und die Zuverlässigkeit der Methode sind aber durch zahlreiche Studien ausreichend belegt. Dieser Beitrag fasst daher den gegenwärtigen Wissensstand zusammen und gibt praktische Information zur Durchführung der prächirurgischen fMRT.

Abstract

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an important and novel neuroimaging modality for patients with brain tumors. By non-invasive measurement, localization and lateralization of brain activiation, most importantly of motor and speech function, fMRI facilitates the selection of the most appropriate and sparing treatment and function-preserving surgery. Prerequisites for the diagnostic use of fMRI are the application of dedicated clinical imaging protocols and standardization of the respective imaging procedures. The combination with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) also enables tracking and visualization of important fiber bundles such as the pyramidal tract and the arcuate fascicle. These multimodal MR data can be implemented in computer systems for functional neuronavigation or radiation treatment. The practicability, accuracy and reliability of presurgical fMRI have been validated by large numbers of published data. However, fMRI cannot be considered as a fully established modality of diagnostic neuroimaging due to the lack of guidelines of the responsible medical associations as well as the lack of medical certification of important hardware and software components. This article reviews the current research in the field and provides practical information relevant for presurgical fMRI.

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  1. Abteilung Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Universitätsspital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031, Basel, Schweiz

    C. Stippich

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Stippich, C. Prächirurgische funktionelle Magnetresonanztomographie. Radiologe 50, 110–122 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-009-1893-0

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