Skip to main content
Log in

Stents for intracranial wide-necked aneurysms: more than mechanical protection

  • Invited Review
  • Published:
Neuroradiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Treatment of wide-necked aneurysms by endovascular coil embolization usually requires mechanical aids in order to protect the parent artery from occlusion due to extension of coils or thrombosis. Endovascular stents are one tool that can be deployed to solve this essentially mechanical problem. The effect of a stent placed in the situation may also act as a hemodynamically active flow diverter. Endovascular stents used in other circumstances are prone to the unwanted side effect of neoinitmal proliferation, but this phenomenon should be seen as a potential asset for “aneurysmal stents” because it may lead to a reaction that contributes to vessel wall healing.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Britz GW (2005) Clipping or coiling of cerebral aneurysms. Neurosurg Clin N Am 16(3):475–485 v. doi:10.1016/j.nec.2005.04.003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Molyneux AJ, Kerr RS, Yu LM et al (2005) International subarachnoid aneurysm trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping versus endovascular coiling in 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a randomised comparison of effects on survival, dependency, seizures, rebleeding, subgroups, and aneurysm occlusion. Lancet 366(9488):809–817. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67214-5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Fiorella D, Albuquerque FC, Deshmukh VR et al (2005) Usefulness of the Neuroform stent for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms: results at initial (3–6-mo) follow-up. Neurosurgery 56(6):1191–1201 discussion 1201–2. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000159645.86823.AF

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Kis B, Weber W, Berlit P et al (2006) Elective treatment of saccular and broadnecked intracranial aneurysms using a closed-cell nitinol stent (Leo). Neurosurgery 58(3):443–450 discussion 443–50

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Lubicz B, Francois O, Levivier M et al (2008) Preliminary experience with the enterprise stent for endovascular treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms: potential advantages and limiting characteristics. Neurosurgery 62:1063–1069

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Weber W, Bendszus M, Kis B et al (2007) A new self-expanding nitinol stent (Enterprise) for the treatment of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms: initial clinical and angiographic results in 31 aneurysms. Neuroradiology 49(7):555–561. doi:10.1007/s00234-007-0232-2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Wanke I, Gizewski E, Dorfler A et al (2005) Stenting plus coiling: dangerous or helpful? Rofo 177(9):1255–1259

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Wanke I, Doerfler A, Schoch B et al (2003) Treatment of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms with a self-expanding stent system: initial clinical experience. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24(6):1192–1199

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Wanke I, Gizewski E, Forsting M (2006) Horizontal stent placement plus coiling in a broad-based basilar-tip aneurysm: an alternative to the Y-stent technique. Neuroradiology 48:817–820

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Hauck EF, Welch BG, White JA, et al (2008) Stent/coil treatment of very large and giant unruptured ophthalmic and cavernous aneurysms. Surg Neurol, doi:10.1016/j.surneu.2008.01.025

  11. Biondi A, Janardhan V, Katz JM et al (2007) Neuroform stent-assisted coil embolization of wide-neck intracranial aneurysms: strategies in stent deployment and midterm follow-up. Neurosurgery 61(3):460–468 discussion 468, 469

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Kelly ME, Turner R, Gonugunta V et al (2007) Stent reconstruction of wide-necked aneurysms across the circle of Willis. Neurosurgery 61(5):249–254 (Suppl 2)discussion 254, 255

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Lubicz B, Lefranc F, Levivier M et al (2006) Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms with a branch arising from the sac. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27(1):142–147

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Pumar JM, Blanco M, Vazquez F et al (2005) Preliminary experience with Leo selfexpanding stent for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 26(10):2573–2577

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Turk AS, Niemann DB, Ahmed A et al (2007) Use of self-expanding stents in distal small cerebral vessels. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 28(3):533–536

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Zaidat OO, Szeder V, Alexander MJ (2007) Transbrachial stent-assisted coil embolization of right posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm: technical case report. J Neuroimaging 17(4):344–347

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Higashida RT, Halbach VV, Dowd CF et al (2005) Initial clinical experience with a new self-expanding nitinol stent for the treatment of intracranial cerebral aneurysms: the Cordis Enterprise stent. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 26(7):1751–1756

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Peluso JP, van Rooij WJ, Sluzewski M et al (2008) A new self-expandable nitinol stent for the treatment of wide-neck aneurysms: initial clinical experience. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 29:1405–1408

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Lieber BB, Livescu V, Hopkins LN et al (2002) Particle image velocimetry assessment of stent design influence on intra-aneurysmal flow. Ann Biomed Eng 30(6):768–777. doi:10.1114/1.1495867

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Barath K, Cassot F, Fasel JH et al (2005) Influence of stent properties on the alteration of cerebral intra-aneurysmal haemodynamics: flow quantification in elastic sidewall aneurysm models. Neurol Res 27(Suppl 1):S120–S128. doi:10.1179/016164105X35477

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Rhee K, Han MH, Cha SH (2002) Changes of flow characteristics by stenting in aneurysm models: influence of aneurysm geometry and stent porosity. Ann Biomed Eng 30(7):894–904. doi:10.1114/1.1500406

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Geremia G, Haklin M, Brennecke L (1994) Embolization of experimentally created aneurysms with intravascular stent devices. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 15(7):1223–1231

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Lanzino G, Wakhloo AK, Fessler RD et al (1999) Efficacy and current limitations of intravascular stents for intracranial internal carotid, vertebral, and basilar artery aneurysms. J Neurosurg 91(4):538–546

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Ohta M, Wetzel SG, Dantan P et al (2005) Rheological changes after stenting of a cerebral aneurysm: a finite element modeling approach. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 28(6):768–772. doi:10.1007/s00270-004-7148-6

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Lylyk P, Cohen JE, Ceratto R et al (2001) Combined endovascular treatment of dissecting vertebral artery aneurysms by using stents and coils. J Neurosurg 94(3):427–432

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Wakhloo AK, Tio FO, Lieber BB et al (1995) Self-expanding nitinol stents in canine vertebral arteries: hemodynamics and tissue response. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 16(5):1043–1051

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Sadasivan C, Lieber BB, Gounis MJ et al (2002) Angiographic quantification of contrast medium washout from cerebral aneurysms after stent placement. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 23(7):1214–1221

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Vanninen R, Manninen H, Ronkainen A (2003) Broad-based intracranial aneurysms: thrombosis induced by stent placement. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24(2):263–266

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Doerfler A, Wanke I, Egelhof T et al (2004) Double-stent method: therapeutic alternative for small wide-necked aneurysms. Technical note. J Neurosurg 100(1):150–154

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Foutrakis GN, Yonas H, Sclabassi RJ (1997) Finite element methods in the simulation and analysis of intracranial blood flow. Neurol Res 19(2):174–186

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Burleson AC, Strother CM, Turitto VT (1995) Computer modeling of intracranial saccular and lateral aneurysms for the study of their hemodynamics. Neurosurgery 37(4):774–782 discussion 782–4. doi:10.1097/00006123-199510000-00023

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Aenis M, Stancampiano AP, Wakhloo AK et al (1997) Modeling of flow in a straight stented and nonstented side wall aneurysm model. J Biomech Eng 119(2):206–212. doi:10.1115/1.2796081

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Steinman DA, Milner JS, Norley CJ et al (2003) Image-based computational simulation of flow dynamics in a giant intracranial aneurysm. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24(4):559–566

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Tamatani S, Ozawa T, Minakawa T et al (1997) Histological interaction of cultured endothelial cells and endovascular embolic materials coated with extracellular matrix. J Neurosurg 86(1):109–112

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Bavinzski G, Talazoglu V, Killer M et al (1999) Gross and microscopic histopathological findings in aneurysms of the human brain treated with Guglielmi detachable coils. J Neurosurg 91(2):284–293

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Castro E, Fortea F, Villoria F et al (1999) Long-term histopathologic findings in two cerebral aneurysms embolized with Guglielmi detachable coils. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 20(4):549–552

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Horowitz MB, Purdy PD, Burns D et al (1997) Scanning electron microscopic findings in a basilar tip aneurysm embolized with Guglielmi detachable coils. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 18(4):688–690 13

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Koizumi T, Kawano T, Kazekawa K et al (1997) Histological findings in aneurysm treated with IDC: scanning electron microscopical study. No Shinkei Geka 25(11):1027–1031

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Mawad ME, Mawad JK, Cartwright J Jr et al (1995) Long-term histopathologic changes in canine aneurysms embolized with Guglielmi detachable coils. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 16(1):7–13

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Mizoi K, Yoshimoto T, Takahashi A et al (1996) A pitfall in the surgery of a recurrent aneurysm after coil embolization and its histological observation: technical case report. Neurosurgery 39(1):165–168 discussion 168, 169. doi:10.1097/00006123-199607000-00035

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Molyneux AJ, Ellison DW, Morris J et al (1995) Histological findings in giant aneurysms treated with Guglielmi detachable coils. Report of two cases with autopsy correlation. J Neurosurg 83(1):129–132

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Spetzger U, Reul J, Weis J et al (1996) Microsurgically produced bifurcation aneurysms in a rabbit model for endovascular coil embolization. J Neurosurg 85(3):488–495

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Stiver SI, Porter PJ, Willinsky RA et al (1998) Acute human histopathology of an intracranial aneurysm treated using Guglielmi detachable coils: case report and review of the literature. Neurosurgery 43(5):1203–1208. doi:10.1097/00006123-199811000-00106

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Tenjin H, Fushiki S, Nakahara Y et al (1995) Effect of Guglielmi detachable coils on experimental carotid artery aneurysms in primates. Stroke 26(11):2075–2080

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. de Gast AN, Altes TA, Marx WF et al (2001) Transforming growth factor betacoated platinum coils for endovascular treatment of aneurysms: an animal study. Neurosurgery 49(3):690–694 discussion 694–6. doi:10.1097/00006123-200109000-00030

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Freed LE, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Biron RJ et al (1994) Biodegradable polymer scaffolds for tissue engineering. Biotechnology (N Y) 12(7):689–693. doi:10.1038/nbt0794-689

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Alexander MJ, Smith TP, Tucci DL (2002) Treatment of an iatrogenic petrous carotid artery pseudoaneurysm with a Symbiot covered stent: technical case report. Neurosurgery 50(3):658–662. doi:10.1097/00006123-200203000-00047

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Redekop G, Marotta T, Weill A (2001) Treatment of traumatic aneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas of the skull base by using endovascular stents. J Neurosurg 95(3):412–419

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Forbus WD (1930) On the origin of miliary aneurysms of the superficial cerebral arteries, in Johns Hopkins Hospital. Bull, Editor. p. 239.

  50. Barnett HJM (1998) Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management, in Stroke, C. Livingstone, Editor. Philadelphia.

  51. Rossitti S (1998) Shear stress in cerebral arteries carrying saccular aneurysms. A preliminary study. Acta Radiol 39(6):711–717

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Groden C, Hagel C, Delling G et al (2003) Histological findings in ruptured aneurysms treated with GDCs: six examples at varying times after treatment. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24(4):579–584

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Murayama Y, Tateshima S, Gonzalez NR et al (2003) Matrix and bioabsorbable polymeric coils accelerate healing of intracranial aneurysms: long-term experimental study. Stroke 34(8):2031–2037. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000083394.33633.C2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Mitra D, Herwadkar A, Soh C et al (2007) Follow-up of intracranial aneurysms treated with matrix detachable coils: a single-center experience. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 28(2):362–367

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Pierot L, Leclerc X, Bonafe A et al (2008) Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms with matrix detachable coils: midterm anatomic follow-up from a prospective multicenter registry. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 29(1):57–61. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A0738

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Rossitti S (2007) Endovascular coiling of intracranial aneurysms using bioactive coils: a single-center study. Acta Radiol 48(5):565–576. doi:10.1080/02841850701308360

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Szikora I, Seifert P, Hanzely Z et al (2006) Histopathologic evaluation of aneurysms treated with Guglielmi detachable coils or matrix detachable microcoils. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 27(2):283–288 14

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Ding YH, Dai D, Lewis DA et al (2005) Angiographic and histologic analysis of experimental aneurysms embolized with platinum coils, Matrix, and HydroCoil. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 26(7):1757–1763

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Chaloupka JC J.M., Ugurel MS, Lee S, Tejada J, Hsu SW. First year single center experience with the Matrix detachable coils for treatment of 139 consecutive intracranial aneurysm cases: Technical and clinical outcomes including 6-month angiographic follow-up. in 42nd Annual Ammerican Society of Neuroradiology. 2004. Seattle.

  60. Geyik S, Yavuz K, Ergun O et al (2008) Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms with bioactive Cerecyte coils: effects on treatment stability. Neuroradiology 50(9):787–793

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Bendszus M, Bartsch AJ, Solymosi L (2007) Endovascular occlusion of aneurysms using a new bioactive coil: a matched pair analysis with bare platinum coils. Stroke 38(10):2855–2857. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.489088

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Lowe HC, Oesterle SN, Khachigian LM (2002) Coronary in-stent restenosis: current status and future strategies. J Am Coll Cardiol 39(2):183–193. doi:10.1016/S0735-1097(01)01742-9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Kearney M, Pieczek A, Haley L et al (1997) Histopathology of in-stent restenosis in patients with peripheral artery disease. Circulation 95(8):1998–2002

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Hoffmann R, Mintz GS, Dussaillant GR et al (1996) Patterns and mechanisms of in-stent restenosis. A serial intravascular ultrasound study. Circulation 94(6):1247–1254

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Broadbent LP, Moran CJ, Cross DT 3rd et al (2003) Management of neuroform stent dislodgement and misplacement. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24(9):1819–1822

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Tanaka N, Martin JB, Tokunaga K et al (2004) Conformity of carotid stents with vascular anatomy: evaluation in carotid models. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25(4):604–607

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Mukherjee D, Kalahasti V, Roffi M et al (2001) Self-expanding stents for carotid interventions: comparison of nitinol versus stainless-steel stents. J Invasive Cardiol 13(11):732–735

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Hoit DA, Malek AM (2005) Three-dimensional rotational angiographic detection of in-stent stenosis in wide-necked aneurysms treated with a self-expanding intracranial stent. Neurosurgery 57(6):1228–1236 discussion 1228–36. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000186026.12709.BC

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Schwartz RS, Huber KC, Murphy JG et al (1992) Restenosis and the proportional neointimal response to coronary artery injury: results in a porcine model. J Am Coll Cardiol 19(2):267–274

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Wakhloo AK, Schellhammer F, de Vries J et al (1994) Self-expanding and balloonexpandable stents in the treatment of carotid aneurysms: an experimental study in a canine model. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 15(3):493–502

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Edelman ER, Rogers C (1998) Pathobiologic responses to stenting. Am J Cardiol 81(7A):4E–6E. doi:10.1016/S0002-9149(98)00189-1

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Holmes DR Jr, Schwartz RS, Webster MW (1991) Coronary restenosis: what have we learned from angiography? J Am Coll Cardiol 17(6):14B–22B (Suppl B)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. LaDisa JF Jr, Olson LE, Guler I et al (2004) Stent design properties and deployment ratio influence indexes of wall shear stress: a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics investigation within a normal artery. J Appl Physiol 97(1):424–430 discussion 416. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01329.2003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Lopes D, Sani S (2005) Histological postmortem study of an internal carotid artery aneurysm treated with the Neuroform stent. Neurosurgery 56(2):E416 discussion E416. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000147977.07736.66

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Conflict of interest statement

The authors are both consultants for Boston Scientific; additionally, I. Wanke consults for Microvention and ev3.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael Forsting.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wanke, I., Forsting, M. Stents for intracranial wide-necked aneurysms: more than mechanical protection. Neuroradiology 50, 991–998 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-008-0460-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-008-0460-0

Keywords

Navigation