Original article
A morphogenetic analysis of facial growth,☆☆

https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(66)90169-2Get rights and content

Abstract

This study is an analysis of facial growth patterns based on known remodeling changes that occur in the various bones and parts of bones in the human face. Serial cephalometric tracings were used to correlate these remodeling changes with successive growth stages.

The results of the study provide an account of the actual changes that take place in the facial skeleton during craniofacial growth. The standard system of cephalometric superimposition using fixed reference landmarks provides, in contrast, a picture of apparent growth movements due to the forward thrust (displacement) of the maxilla and mandible away from the cranial base. A more meaningful and complete understanding of over-all facial growth is gained when both systems are used, one supplementing the other.

Each component area in the frontal and nasal bones, the maxilla, the zygoma, and the mandible are considered separately. Regional growth movements are described, and relationships are analyzed. A correlation is presented between characteristic age changes that take place in the topographic features of the face and the corresponding remodeling changes that accompany over-all facial growth.

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This work was supported, in part, by United States Public Health Service Grant DE-09103.

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The series of illustrations used in this report was prepared by Mr. W. L. Brudon.

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