CommentaryMagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies of the Glutamatergic System in Mood Disorders: A Pathway to Diagnosis, Novel Therapeutics, and Personalized Medicine?
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Development of an underivatized LC-MS/MS method for quantitation of 14 neurotransmitters in rat hippocampus, plasma and urine: Application to CUMS induced depression rats
2019, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical AnalysisCitation Excerpt :Besides, the Glu concentration also has a decrease compared to the normal group. Alterations had been observed through clinical studies of depression in Glu and GABA concentrations, suggesting that dysfunction in excitatory and/or inhibitory neurotransmitter signaling mechanisms might play a crucial role in depression [24]. In addition, studies have reported that the reduction of DA content in the brain of depressed patients was closely related to the pathogenesis of depression [9].
Glutamate and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Systems in the Pathophysiology of Major Depression and Antidepressant Response to Ketamine
2017, Biological PsychiatryCitation Excerpt :Future prospective investigations in larger clinical samples may allow identification of subgroups of depressed patients who better respond to GABA- or Glu-modulating therapies along the illness course. Moreover, innovations to current MRS techniques (27), such as application of novel pulse sequences at higher magnetic field strengths (e.g., 7T) that can better resolve cerebral Glu, Gln, and GABA concentrations (55), could facilitate identification of biologically homogeneous and enriched subgroups (39) to which directed clinical interventions can be addressed (56). Neural circuitry describes the complex array of interconnected neurons in the brain from which simultaneous and coordinated information processing is refined and reorganized by experience-related synaptic changes (57).
Riluzole combination therapy for moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
2016, Journal of Psychiatric ResearchCitation Excerpt :Additionally impairments of structural plasticity and reduced cellular resilience demonstrated on imaging and autopsy studies of patients with MDD may relate to the dysregulation of the glutamatergic transmission. There is also evidence for changes in metabolic activity and gene expression profiles which involves glutamatergic neurotransmission in animal models of MDD (Duncan et al., 2013; Hashimoto et al., 2007; Salvadore and Zarate, 2010; Stein et al., 2007; Veeraiah et al., 2014; Zarate et al., 2003). Riluzole (2-amino-6-trifluoromethoxy benzothiazole) is a glutamatergic modulator with neuroprotective properties approved for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Indirect evidence of selective glial involvement in glutamate-based mechanisms of mood regulation in depression: Meta-analysis of absolute prefrontal neuro-metabolic concentrations
2015, European NeuropsychopharmacologyCitation Excerpt :Nevertheless scanner strength above 3 T may be better suited to efficiently discriminate neuro-metabolic components of the Glx signal. The importance of higher field strengths to effectively separate glutamate from glutamine has been highlighted in recent work and deserves consideration in designing future studies (Salvadore and Zarate, 2010; Yüksel and Öngür, 2010). Our findings concord with structural MRI studies generally supporting morphometric reductions in the prefrontal cortex in depression with MRI (Arnone et al., 2012).
Monitoring glutamate levels in the posterior cingulate cortex of thyroid dysfunction patients with TE-averaged PRESS at 3T
2015, Magnetic Resonance ImagingCitation Excerpt :In our study, we found that the Cho level has no correlation with thyroid hormones (T3, T4) and TSH, but TT3 and FT3 shows a significant correlation with Glu (P < 0.05). Glutamate clearance by astrocytes is vital for the neuroprotection in the central nervous system [25,5]. The level of glutamate may influence the activity and even the proliferation of astrocytes.