Archival ReportAPOE Genotype Modulates Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Metabolites in the Aging Brain
Section snippets
Participants
Participants (n = 112) were cognitively healthy subjects recruited at the Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer’s Disease and Memory Related Disorders. All potential participants underwent examination by a neurologist or a geriatric psychiatrist to determine study eligibility. All subjects were between the ages of 50 and 86 years, had Mini-Mental State Examination score ≥24, and did not meet Petersen’s criteria for MCI (see Supplement 1 for a detailed description of
Demographic and Cognitive Characteristics
Demographic characteristics and cognitive composite scores stratified by APOE status (carriers of the APOE E4 allele vs. E3 homozygotes) and age as based on a median split of the sample (<65 years vs. ≥65 years) are provided in Table 1 (age was split for presentation purposes in this table). Age range was 50 to 64 years (SD = 4.66) for the subjects younger than 65 years and 65 to 86 years (SD = 5.90) for the subjects older than 65 years. Gender distribution showed an imbalance in the APOE E4
Discussion
This is the first study to find significant APOE genotype effects on 1H-MRS metabolites in a healthy aging population. Specifically, GLM analyses indicated that Cho/Cr and mI/Cr ratios were influenced by an APOE × age interaction (such that older APOE E4 carriers had higher ratios than other subgroups). In addition, Cho/Cr ratio was independently modulated by a main effect of APOE (E4 carriers had higher ratios than E3/E3 homozygotes), and mI/Cr ratio was independently modulated by a main
References (41)
- et al.
Longitudinal 1H MRS changes in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease
Neurobiol Aging
(2007) - et al.
Cerebrospinal fluid beta-amyloid1-42 and tau in control subjects at risk for Alzheimer’s disease: The effect of APOE epsilon4 allele
Biol Psychiatry
(2004) - et al.
N-Acetylaspartate in the CNS: From neurodiagnostics to neurobiology
Prog Neurobiol
(2007) - et al.
“Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
J Psychiatr Res
(1975) - et al.
Test-retest reliability of a new form of the auditory verbal learning test (AVLT)
Arch Clin Neuropsychol
(1994) - et al.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of component processes in human working memory
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol
(1993) - et al.
General and specific cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: Goliath defeats David?
Biol Psychiatry
(2008) - et al.
In-vivo measurement of activated microglia in dementia
Lancet
(2001) - et al.
APOE genotype-specific differences in the innate immune response
Neurobiol Aging
(2009) - et al.
A systematic review of brain metabolite changes, measured with 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, in healthy aging
Neurobiol Aging
(2009)