Reproducibility of activation in Broca's area during covert generation of single words at high field: A single trial FMRI study at 4 T
Section snippets
Subjects
Eight (3 males; 5 females) right-handed adult (age range 22–49 years) volunteers participated in the study. Handedness was determined by self-report on a questionnaire. Subjects with a history of neurological disease, major psychiatric disturbance, substance abuse or psychoactive prescriptive medication use were excluded. This study was approved by the Human Research Review Committee at the University of New Mexico, and all volunteers gave informed consent prior to participation.
Procedures
Subjects rested
Behavioral data
On one trial, a subject was unable to covertly generate a word. On four of the trials, a response time was not recorded from the input device due to either subject failure to press the response button or equipment failure in recording the response. The mean response time for the remaining 59 trials across all eight subjects was 3075.27 ms (SD ± 2362.94). Response times were positively correlated with subjective ratings of difficulty in generating the target word (Q1; r = 0.344; P < 0.01) and
Discussion
To our knowledge, this is the first FMRI study to assess the reliability of activation during a single, brief cognitive task. Reliable activation of Broca's area was observed on approximately 50% of the trials, dependent on the parametric threshold and the spatial criteria used to define activity. Specifically, there was a 55% difference in the ITC values when the most liberal parametric and spatial thresholds were applied to the data compared to the most conservative thresholds. The voxel-wise
Acknowledgments
Thanks to Dr. Nancy Andreasen for supporting this work and for stimulating discussions on the significance and clinical applications of real-time FMRI. We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Oliver Speck for providing the multi-echo EPI sequence. We thank Diana South, Ranee Barrow and Rosabelle DeNoi for excellent help with data acquisition and recruitment of subjects. Supported by NIH NIBIB 1 R01 EB002618-01 and The MIND Institute-Mental Illness and Neuroscience Discovery DOE Grant No.
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2021, Brain and LanguageCitation Excerpt :Several prior studies have examined within-subject reliability of BOLD responses during language production tasks (e.g. Mayer, Xu, Paré-Blagoev, & Posse, 2006; Otzenberger, Gounot, Marrer, Namer, & Metz-Lutz, 2005; Wilson, Bautista, Yen, Lauderdale, & Eriksson, 2017). Many have used a covert speech task (Brannen et al., 2001; Harrington, Buonocore, & Farias, 2006; Maldjian, Laurienti, Driskill, & Burdette, 2002; Mayer et al., 2006; Otzenberger et al., 2005; Rutten, Ramsey, van Rijen, & van Veelen, 2002) or have focused on a limited set of regions of interest (ROIs) like Broca’s area and temporo-parietal cortex (e.g., Brannen et al., 2001; Harrington et al., 2006; Mayer et al., 2006; Otzenberger et al., 2005; Rau et al., 2007). However, speech requires overt motor actions and the integration of sensory feedback supported by large and often distant areas of the brain (Guenther, 2016; Sato, Vilain, Lamalle, & Grabski, 2015).
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