Peripheral application of intravascular ultrasound virtual histology
Section snippets
IVUS
There are two approaches to transducer construction that have gained popularity over the past decade: electronic arrays and mechanically rotating single element devices. Although these two methods of imaging are fundamentally different, they both produce images by emitting and then receiving an ultrasound pulse. This technique is known as the pulse-echo mode of imaging.
Image analysis
Extensive research has been conducted on IVUS image analysis for determining plaque composition.1, 2, 3 Fibrous or “hard” plaques are generally thought of as advanced lesions that contain dense fibrous tissue, elastin fibers, and proteoglycans. Similar to calcified regions in plaques, dense fibrous plaque components generally reflect ultrasound energy well and thus appear bright and homogeneous on IVUS images.4 However, one of the major problems with many of the image-based studies performed to
Medical application of IVUS backscatter
Spectral analysis is only commercially available to date on the Volcano Therapeutics consoles. These systems have RF spectral analysis built in to the console, termed Virtual Histology and only require an additional external electrocardiograph (ECG) input.
Impact for the peripheral disease
IVUS is currently underutilized in vascular surgery. The short-term expense, the time perceived to perform the procedure, and difficulties in interpreting the images are usually blamed. However, in experienced hands the addition will add only a few minutes to a surgical procedure and the “traffic-light” coloring of the Virtual Histology images makes interpretation easy. It is envisaged that Virtual Histology will aid in the placement of stent-grafts and the selections of sites for bypass
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