Vertebroplasty is a procedure in which bone cement is injected into a fractured vertebral body in an attempt to stabilize fractured segments and reduce pain. This procedure was originally used to treat spinal lesions caused by metastases and has recently been used to treat severe bone loss caused by osteoporosis. In this article, we review the current treatment for osteoporosis, introduce vertebroplasty with its associated efficacy and risks, and describe kyphoplasty.